Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 PhD Student of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology , Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

Background: The latest recommended psychological choice for the treatment of OCD is a therapeutic intervention. The metaanalytic study has found that the strongest degree of scientific evidence for CBT is the effect of OCD psychiatric therapies. We conducted the present study to examine the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients with enhanced obsessivecompulsive disorder.
Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental with a manipulate group, pre-test, and post-test. 32 women were referred to counseling offerings and psychological services in Bandar Abbas province from November 2019 to April 2020, who were purposefully chosen from the 80 individuals narrowed down according to the inclusion criteria. Afterwards, they were randomly (by envelopes) assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=16) was treated with cognitivebehavioral therapy for 12 weekly 90-minute sessions while the control team (n=16) obtained no treatment. At the beginning of the study, after 10 weeks, all the participants were tested with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire. In addition to descriptive statistics, standard deviation, and the mean and inferential statistics, we employed one-way analysis of covariance and LSD. For the statistics analysis SPSS software program model 18 was used.
Results: In the current study, the mean and standard deviation of the ages were 26.78±2.80 in the experimental team and 28.50±3.56 in the control group, respectively. We discovered a significant effect in the experimental group’s obsessive-compulsive signs following the cognitive-behavioral therapy (P=0.005). In addition, the suggested ratings for the participants in the experimental team were significantly lower than those in the control group (p <0.001).
Conclusion: According to the findings, it could be inferred that cognitive-behavioral therapy could significantly reduce OCD symptoms. It is recommended that the therapists, particularly in Iranian clinicians, apply this method.

Keywords

1. Abramowitz JS, Reuman L. Obsessive compulsive disorder. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. 2020:3304-6.doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_919. ## 2. Miguel EC, Lopes AC, McLaughlin NC, Norén G, Gentil AF, Hamani C, et al. Evolution of gamma knife capsulotomy for intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder. Molecular psychiatry. 2019;24(2):218-40.doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0054-0. PubMed PMID: 29743581; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6698394. ## 3. Sharma E, Tripathi A, Grover S, Avasthi A, Dan A, Srivastava C, et al. Clinical profile of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: A multicentric study from India. Indian J Psychiatry. 2019;61(6):564. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_128_19. PubMed PMID: 31896861; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6862976. ## 4. Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, Chokka P, Kjernisted K, Van Ameringen M. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC psychiatry. 2014 1;14(S1):S1. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-S1-S1. PubMed PMID: 25081580; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4120194. ## 5. Sánchez J, Rosenthal DA, Tansey TN, Frain MP, Bezyak JL. Predicting quality of life in adults with severe mental illness: Extending the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Rehabil Psychol. 2016;61(1):19. doi: 10.1037/rep0000059. PubMed PMID: 26881304. ## 6. Arumugham SS, Reddy YJ. Commonly asked questions in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 2014;14(2):151-63. doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.874287. ## 7. Del Casale A, Sorice S, Padovano A, Simmaco M, Ferracuti S, Lamis DA, et al. Psychopharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Curr Neuropharmacol.2019;17(8):710-36.doi: 10.2174/1570159X16666180813155017. PubMed PMID: 30101713; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7059159. ## 8. Emmelkamp PM, Beens H. Cognitive therapy with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparative evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1991;29(3):293-300. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(91)90120-r. PubMed PMID: 1679324. ## 9. Pascual-Vera B, Roncero M, Doron G, Belloch A. Assisting relapse prevention in OCD using a novel mobile app–based intervention: A case report. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 2018;82(4):390-406.doi: 10.1521/bumc.2018.82.4.390. ## 10. Manjula M, Sudhir PM. New-wave behavioral therapies in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Moving toward integrated behavioral therapies. Indian journal of psychiatry. 2019;61(Suppl 1):S104. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_531_18. PubMed PMID: 30745683; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6343420. ## 11. Hellberg SN, Buchholz JL, Twohig MP, Abramowitz JS. Not just thinking, but believing: Obsessive beliefs and domains of cognitive fusion in the prediction of OCD symptom dimensions. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 2020 Jan;27(1):69-78. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2409. PubMed PMID: 31657499. ## 12. Nayebaghayee A, Aleyasin SA, Heidari H, Davodi H. Effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy on Dysfunctional Beliefs, Inflated Sense of Responsibility, and Intolerance of Uncertainty in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Clinical Psychology Studies. 2019;9(33):1-24. ## 13. Mpavaenda DN. Imagery rescripting therapy, a pilot study: Reducing shame and cognitive inflexibility in obsessive compulsive disorder. University of Surrey (United Kingdom); 2016. ## 14. McKay D, Sookman D, Neziroglu F, Wilhelm S, Stein DJ, Kyrios M, et al. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychiatry research. 2015;225(3):236-46. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.058. PubMed PMID: 25613661. ## 15. Ooms P, Mantione M, Figee M, Schuurman PR, van den Munckhof P, Denys D. Deep brain stimulation for obsessive–compulsive disorders: long-term analysis of quality of life. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2014;85(2):153-8. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-302550. PubMed PMID: 23715912. ## 16. Olatunji BO, Davis ML, Powers MB, Smits JA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome and moderators. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47(1):33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.08.020. PubMed PMID: 22999486. ## 17. Thompson BL, Twohig MP, Luoma JB. Psychological Flexibility as Shared Process of Change in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Exposure and Response Prevention for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Single Case Design Study. Behavior Therapy. 2020.doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.04.011. ## 18. Cyr M, Pagliaccio D, Yanes-Lukin P, Fontaine M, Rynn MA, Marsh R. Altered network connectivity predicts response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45(7):1232-40. doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0613-3. PubMed PMID: 31952071; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7235012. ## 19. Radomsky AS, Wong SF, Giraldo-O’Meara M, Dugas MJ, Gelfand LA, Myhr G, et al. When it’s at: An examination of when cognitive change occurs during cognitive therapy for compulsive checking in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2020; 67:101442. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.12.003. PubMed PMID: 30573211. ## 20. Baxter LR, Schwartz JM, Bergman KS, Szuba MP, Guze BH, Mazziotta JC, et al. Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of general psychiatry. 1992;49(9):681-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820090009002. PubMed PMID: 1514872. ## 21. Sánchez-Meca J, Rosa-Alcázar AI, Iniesta-Sepúlveda M, Rosa-Alcázar Á. Differential efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatments for pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of anxiety disorders. 2014;28(1):31-44. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.10.007. PubMed PMID: 24334214. ## 22. Waller KG, Shaw RW. Endometriosis, pelvic pain, and psychological functioning. Fertil Steril. 1995;63(4):796–800. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57484-6. PubMed PMID: 7890065. ## 23. Leahy RL, Tirch D, Napolitano LA. Emotion regulation in psychotherapy: A practitioner’s guide. Guilford press; 2011. ## 24. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL, et al. The Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale: I. Development, use, and reliability. Archives of general psychiatry. 1989;46(11):1006-11. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007. PubMed PMID: 2684084. ## 25. Bani Asadi H, Pourebrahimi M, Amirteymoori R. Metacognitive Therapy, Neurofeedback and Treatment with Fluvoxamine on Cognitive Attentional Syndrome and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology. 2017;4(1):13-8. ## 26. Sayyah M, Bagheri P, Karimi N, Ghasemzadeh A. The effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder in women with multiple sclerosis (MS): A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Electronic Physician. 2016;8(4):2243. doi: 10.19082/2243. PubMed PMID: 27279999; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4886565. ## 27. Tsuchiyagaito A, Hirano Y, Asano K, Oshima F, Nagaoka S, Takebayashi Y, et al A. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive–compulsive Disorder with and without autism spectrum Disorder: gray Matter Differences associated with Poor Outcome. Front Psychiatry. 2017; 8:143. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00143. PubMed PMID: 28861007; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5559438. ## 28. Külz AK, Landmann S, Cludius B, Rose N, Heidenreich T, Jelinek L, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and residual symptoms after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): a randomized controlled trial. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019;269(2):223-33. doi: 10.1007/s00406-018-0957-4. PubMed PMID: 30446822. ## 29. Kyrios M, Ahern C, Fassnacht DB, Nedeljkovic M, Moulding R, Meyer D. Therapist-assisted internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy versus progressive relaxation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20(8): e242. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9566. PubMed PMID: 30089607; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6105869. ## 30. Law C, Boisseau CL. Exposure and Response Prevention in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Current Perspectives. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2019; 12:1167. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S211117. PubMed PMID: 31920413; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6935308. ##