Afshin Mansourian; Leila Malekmakan; Taraneh Tadayon; Narges Izadpanahi
Abstract
Background: This research evaluated the effects of propofol and midazolam/fentanyl on maternal blood pressure, heart rate, recall, and full satisfaction with spinal anesthesia. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed.
Methods: The sample size was calculated as 100 patients (a type ...
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Background: This research evaluated the effects of propofol and midazolam/fentanyl on maternal blood pressure, heart rate, recall, and full satisfaction with spinal anesthesia. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed.
Methods: The sample size was calculated as 100 patients (a type I error of 5% and statistical power of 80%) who were scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. These patients were randomized into two equal groups by block randomization used for allocation sequence: midazolam/fentanyl and propofol groups. We measured the maternal heart rate (HR), systolic, and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before induction, every three minutes in the operating room, and every five minutes until discharge from the recovery room. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 and P value < 0.05 was considered as the significance level.
Results: 100 women (mean age: 29.7 ± 5.1 years and gestational age: 37.2 ± 1.2 weeks) were enrolled. The SBP and HR decreased during the study in both groups, but it was significant only in the midazolam/fentanyl group (SBP: from 120.0 ± 10.3 to 113.9 ± 4.8, P = 0.025; and HR: from 75.0 ± 7.6 to 65.3 ± 5.5, P = 0.046). DBP reduced in both groups, but it was only significant in the propofol group (from 68.5 ± 7.2 to 56.9 ± 2.1, P = 0.039). The maternal recall of the birth time, child weight, and full satisfaction were significantly better in the propofol group than in the midazolam/fentanyl group (P = 0.046, P = 0.009, and P = 0.039, respectively).
Conclusions: Propofol and midazolam/fentanyl could be useful in cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia thought propofol may induce more effective sedation with higher satisfaction. Accordingly, the propofol use during caesarian sections under spinal anesthesia is suggested due to its anti-stress effects, good delivery recall, and good sedation satisfaction.
Maryam Pakfetrat; Leila Malekmakan; Taraneh Tadayon; Amin Nikfar; Afshin Mansourian
Abstract
Background: Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide health problem. Objectives This study investigated the frequency of urinary and serum metabolic abnormalities and their association with demographic characteristics in patients with nephrolithiasis.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed 376 patients ...
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Background: Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide health problem. Objectives This study investigated the frequency of urinary and serum metabolic abnormalities and their association with demographic characteristics in patients with nephrolithiasis.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed 376 patients with nephrolithiasis who referred to Motahari Medical Center, Shiraz from March 2017 to June 2017. Patients’ history, 24-hour urine analysis (for volume, calcium, uric acid, sodium, citrate, phosphate, and oxalate), and serum tests (for calcium, uric acid, and parathyroid hormone) were recorded in a data gathering sheet. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The most common abnormality was a low volume of 24-hour urine (< 2000 mL), (73.7%), followed by hypercalciuria (23.9%), and hyperoxaluria (19.4%). Low 24-hour urine volume was more frequent in women (80.0% vs. 64.3%, P < 0.001), while hypercalciuria (37.0% vs. 18.3%, P < 0.001), and hyperphosphaturia (6.0% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.03) were more frequent in men. Moreover, hypercalciuria was more frequent in outdoor workers (39.7% vs. 21.1%, P = 0.003), whereas low urine volume was more frequent in indoor workers (79.0% vs. 61.1%, P = 0.006). Metabolic abnormalities were not different in terms of patients’ family history.
Conclusions: Multiple factors affect the frequency and type of nephrolithiasis. Since these parameters are also influenced by race, culture, and dietary habits; thus each region must determine its own demographic features of renal stone. Based on our results, women had lower urine volume and higher urine citrate than men. Moreover, water intake is one of the most important factors that correlate with renal stone formation.
Raha Afshariani; Leila Malekmakan; Maryam Yazdankhah; Arghavan Daneshian; Mehrab Sayadi
Abstract
Background: Menarche is a woman’s first menstruation and is determined by multiple factors.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on the age of menarche in girls at guidance schools of Shiraz, Iran.
Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study attempted ...
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Background: Menarche is a woman’s first menstruation and is determined by multiple factors.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on the age of menarche in girls at guidance schools of Shiraz, Iran.
Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study attempted to evaluate the effect of regular exercise on the age of menarche in relation to demographic data in 483 randomly selected girls from guidance school in Shiraz, Iran, using statistical analysis including independent t-test, variance analysis and linear regression tests.
Results: Participants were divided in two groups including 181 and 302 athletic and non-athletic girls, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the mean age at menarche between athletic 12.4 ± 0.9 SD and non-athletic girls 12.1 ± 1.0 SD years (P = 0.003). Linear regression indicated that mother’s age (P = 0.049) and exercise (P = 0.001) both have significant association with age at menarche.
Conclusions: The age at menarche for the athletic group was significantly delayed. Exercise and mother’s age were significantly associated with age at menarche, whereas no significant association was observed between age at menarche and weight, BMI, father’s age, and mother’s and father’s educational levels.
Maryam Yazdani; Elnaz Amirshahi; Aria Shakeri; Reza Amirshahi; Leila Malekmakan
Abstract
Background: The increased maternal age is associated with many prenatal and perinatal complications including stillbirth, preterm birth and cesarean delivery.
Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the prenatal and maternal outcomes among mothers older and younger than 35 in Fars province, ...
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Background: The increased maternal age is associated with many prenatal and perinatal complications including stillbirth, preterm birth and cesarean delivery.
Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the prenatal and maternal outcomes among mothers older and younger than 35 in Fars province, Iran.
Patients and Methods: This study included 1962 singleton deliveries. The prenatal and neonatal outcomes were recorded retrospectively and compared between mothers aged older and younger than 35 years. A designed questionnaire was used for data collection of parity, gravida (gravidity and parity are two terms that refer to the number of times a female has been pregnant and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age), outcomes of the pregnancy, labor, and neonatal outcome. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 15, and the P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean age of 978 mothers < 35 years-old and 984 of those aged ≥ 35 years was 31.6 ± 6.8 years. Mothers aged ≥ 35 years experienced higher risk of preeclampsia (P < 0.001), gestational diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001), placental abruption (P = 0.003), cesarean delivery (P < 0.001), low Apgar at 1 minute (P = 0.001) and low Apgar at 5 minutes (P = 0.001) compared to those aged less than 35 years.
Conclusions: Women should be alerted by the higher risks for prenatal and maternal morbidity associated with delayed pregnancy. Health care providers should be aware of the impact of delayed childbearing on the health care resources.
Maryam Pakfetrat; Shokouh Sharifpour; Leila Malekmakan; Shahrokh Ezzatzadegan Jahromi; Jamshid Roozbeh; Amir Aslani
Abstract
Background: Hyperphosphatemia is a common problem in hemodialysis patients for which various binders are used to control this problem.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of magnesium oxide on controlling serum phosphorus levels and evaluate its side effects.
Patients and Methods: We studied ...
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Background: Hyperphosphatemia is a common problem in hemodialysis patients for which various binders are used to control this problem.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of magnesium oxide on controlling serum phosphorus levels and evaluate its side effects.
Patients and Methods: We studied 39 hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, trial and control. The trial group received magnesium oxide. Its dose was titrated according to weekly magnesium levels that were checked for 4 weeks. Phosphorous was also checked weekly in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15 software. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: A total of 27 males and 12 females with a mean age 54.01 ± 17.20 years were divided into the trial (21 patients) and control (18 patients) groups. Serum phosphorous levels did not significantly decrease (P = 0.994). However the mean phosphorous level in females showed significant correlation with time, as a significant quadratic trend throughout time was observed (P = 0.001). A significant ascending trend in mean magnesium levels was observed in the trial group compared to the control group at the end of the study (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Although magnesium oxide was well tolerated by the study patients and lacked serious complications, it could not decrease phosphorous levels. In order to better assess these results we recommend that larger, multicenter studies with longer follow up that uses other magnesium compounds be designed.
