Maryam Heidary; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with clinical manifestations such ashirsutism, acne, reduced fertility, menstrual and obesity disorders, and psychological and mood problems. Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling that has been identified through several ...
Read More
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with clinical manifestations such ashirsutism, acne, reduced fertility, menstrual and obesity disorders, and psychological and mood problems. Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling that has been identified through several ways. We assessed the approaches to reducing anxiety and their association with the age of patients suffering from PCOS.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on the methods for reducing anxiety and the relationship between the type of method and patients’age. Through the use of a checklist, we examined 80 women of childbearing age with PCOS. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data, and 5% level was considered as the significant level.Results: Based on the results obtained 45 subjects (56.2%) reduced their anxiety through prayer and religious deeds, 30 (37.50%) by crying, 27 (33.8%) by listening to music, 12 (15%) through fighting, and nine (11.25%) by sleeping. Seven participants (8.75%)did yoga and exercised, and 21 (26.25%) used other methods to reduce their anxiety. There was also a significant relationship between people’s age and prayer (P=0.038). Also, people’s age and listening to music (P=0.043) were observed to decreaseanxiety and in other cases, no significant relationship was observed.Conclusion: The most common strategy for reducing anxiety among patients was to pray and perform religious deedsalong with other methods. There was also a significant association between the participants’ age and praying and listening to music as waysof lowering anxiety.
setareh derakhshanpour; zahra yazdanpanahi; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: In recent years, for the purpose of proper planning, the quality of life has been considered by researchers and clinical experts as one of the most important outcomes of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and its dimensions in women and men with Human ...
Read More
Background: In recent years, for the purpose of proper planning, the quality of life has been considered by researchers and clinical experts as one of the most important outcomes of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and its dimensions in women and men with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the high-risk behaviors center of Shiraz. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we selected 224 patients (112 man and 112 woman) with HIV / AIDS from Behavioral Counseling Center of Shiraz through convenience purposive sampling method; we gathered data using quality of life Short-Form 36 (SF36) and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a t-test. Results: The mean score of general health (55.31±17.82) (P=0.367), physical health (287.85±81.16) (P=0.168), and psychological health of women (255.40±74.80) (P=0.207) was more than those with HIV/AIDS. The mean score of other quality of life dimensions in women was more than that of men; however, no significant differences were observed in other dimensions. Conclusion: The average score of quality of life in women was better than in men, hence the necessity of promoting calm adherence to treatment.
Sedighe Alipanahpour; Mahnaz Zarshenas; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Induced and unhealthy abortions exist worldwide, especially in developing countries. Awareness of the prevalence of abortion in the community can be an indirect measure of maternal health status. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of induced (forensic medicine referrals ...
Read More
Background: Induced and unhealthy abortions exist worldwide, especially in developing countries. Awareness of the prevalence of abortion in the community can be an indirect measure of maternal health status. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of induced (forensic medicine referrals and obstetric indications) and spontaneous abortions based on demographic characteristics in 2018. Methods: This epidemiologic-cross-sectional study was conducted in the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Out of 5848 pregnant women, 437 cases of abortion were diagnosed within 3 months, making up the sample size. Data were collected using a researcher-made demographic questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, and so forth). Results: The overall prevalence of abortion in this study was 7.46%. The highest prevalence was observed in induced abortion with other causes (4.17%), followed by induced abortion with a forensic medicine letter (1.5%), and spontaneous abortion (1.79%), respectively. The highest frequency of induced abortion was found in the age group 30-34 (34.3%) and in housewives (76.2%). The highest frequency of education was high school belonging to mothers with spontaneous abortion (53.3%). There was a statistically significant difference among the variables of age, mother’s education, age, spouse’s occupation, and type of abortion (P≤0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of abortion was 7.46%, two thirds of which were abortion induced by other causes (55.8%). In addition to group education, health educators should plan effective methods of face-to-face and individual counseling to change mothers’ attitudes and inform them of the consequences of abortion.
Fatemeh Ghodrati; Farideh Vaziri; Narjes Saadatmand; Mohammad Zarenezhad; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of trauma in sexual assault victims aged 15 years and less referred to legal medicine centers of Fars Province, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional was carried out on all female victims of sexual assault aged ...
Read More
Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of trauma in sexual assault victims aged 15 years and less referred to legal medicine centers of Fars Province, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional was carried out on all female victims of sexual assault aged 15 years old and less referred to legal medicine centers of Fars, Iran, during 2006 - 2012. The study population consisted of 3140 victims that was reduced to 2113 due to incomplete records of some cases. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used in SPSS, version 16.
Results: The prevalence of teenage victims was 32.01%. The highest frequency was reported in 2006 and the next highest rate was reported in 2011. The ordinal place of the victims in family was between 4 and 6 in 79% of the cases. All the crimes happened in cities. In 6.4% of the cases, victims had experienced sexual assault. In 90.1% of the cases, criminals were aged 16 - 25 years old, and in 40.3% of the cases, they were familiar and had familial relationship with the victim. Sexual traumas in 57.1% of the cases were hymen tear and in 11.8% cases anal tear.
Conclusions: Most adolescent sexual assaults remain hidden from the law because of fear of exclusion from the family and society. Therefore, community awareness regarding the prevalence of rape should be raised, and the necessary steps should be taken by the authorities and families to control this crime. Enforcing severe punishments for offenders can be considered as a preventive measure.
Fatemeh Ghodrati; Narjes Saadatmand; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Substance abuse results in multiple complications for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy.
Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the frequency of mothers’ addiction in legal abortion with fetal causes in Fars forensic centers.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical ...
Read More
Background: Substance abuse results in multiple complications for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy.
Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the frequency of mothers’ addiction in legal abortion with fetal causes in Fars forensic centers.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study with a sample size of 1664. The data including demographic characteristics, obstetric variables, and causes of fetal abortion were recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS16, using analysis of the mean, median, and chi square test.
Results: The rate of addiction was reported to be 40.7% in the study population. This study estimated the prevalence of cigarette smoking, drugs, alcohol and other chemical substances as 31.9%, 5.9%, and 2.9%, respectively. Mother addiction had a significant association with maternal age (P ≤ 0/001). Mothers of babies with genetic defects smoked cigarette (63.7%), used narcotics (64.8%), and alcohol and other drugs (63.9%).
Conclusions: Cigarette was the most common addiction in mothers. Thus, promoting mothers’ awareness and knowledge should be an educational priority.
Tahereh Keshavarz; Marzieh Akbarzadeh; Zeinab Moshfeghy; Roghaie Khoshkholgh; Maram Kasraeian; Najaf Zare
Abstract
Background: Non-stress test is the most widely used test to assess fetal status. The presence of beat-to-beat variability is reassuring while its absence is not reassuring.
Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 213 pregnant women with gestational age of 37 - 41 weeks were randomly allocated ...
Read More
Background: Non-stress test is the most widely used test to assess fetal status. The presence of beat-to-beat variability is reassuring while its absence is not reassuring.
Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 213 pregnant women with gestational age of 37 - 41 weeks were randomly allocated into three groups (auditory intervention for mother, auditory intervention for fetus, and control), each containing 71 subjects. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test and Kruskal-Wallis test. In addition, paired t-test was used to compare each group before and after the intervention.
Results: The results showed a significant difference among the three groups regarding beat-to-beat variability of fetal heart rate in the second 10 minutes of the test (P = 0.006). Besides, the results of Tukey HSD test indicated that this difference was significant between the control group and auditory intervention for mother group (P = 0.004). Moreover, the results of t-test showed a significant difference in beat-to-beat variability of fetal heart rate between the first and the second 10 minutes of the test in both groups of auditory intervention for mother (P < 0.001) and for fetus (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Since beat-to-beat variability of the fetal heart rate is indicator of fetal health, music intervention can be used to increase the number of accelerations and reduce false positive results in NST.
Fatemeh Ghodrati; Zahra Yazdanpanahi; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Religious values and attitudes can be considered as a guideline for sexual relationship and gender related roles.
Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between religious attitudes, and some sexual characteristics with marital satisfaction among females of ...
Read More
Background: Religious values and attitudes can be considered as a guideline for sexual relationship and gender related roles.
Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between religious attitudes, and some sexual characteristics with marital satisfaction among females of reproductive age in 2014 - 2015.
Methods: The current descriptive-analytical study investigated the relationship between religious attitudes and some sexual characteristics, and marital satisfaction on 210 females of reproductive age. Firstly, cluster sampling was conducted. The sexual trait questionnaire and religious attitude scale, which contains 25 questions in 6 areas related to the religious attitudes, were distributed. Sexual trait questionnaire includes questions on pre-sex motivations, premature ejaculation, young couple’s education, couples’ intimate relationships, and finally couples’ satisfaction. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the data, using SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.35 ± 7.52 years. According to the Chi-square result, there was a significant relationship between religious attitudes and pre-sex motivations (P = 0.001), young couples` education (P = 0.005), couples’ intimate relationships (P = 0.002), and couples’ satisfaction (P ≤ 0.001). However, there was no significant association between early ejaculation and religious attitude (P = 0.11).
Conclusions: The results revealed a significant relationship between religious attitudes and pre-sex motivation, sexuality, and sexual arousal. Therefore, education on sex-based issues and couples’ intimate relationships, which leads to decreased premature ejaculation and more sexual satisfaction, seem to be necessary. The results of the current study showed a significant relationship between religious attitudes, sexuality and sexual arousal. Also, the need for sex education and emotional intimacy between male and female are necessary to reduce premature ejaculation and enhance sexual satisfaction.
Monireh Toosi; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Exercise can play a major role in health during pregnancy. Therefore, it is essential to consider the physiological conditions of females regarding the exercise.
Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of a cycle of exercises on pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: In this clinical ...
Read More
Background: Exercise can play a major role in health during pregnancy. Therefore, it is essential to consider the physiological conditions of females regarding the exercise.
Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of a cycle of exercises on pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 120 pregnant females referring to Shiraz hospitals in 2015 were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group subjects were required to do aerobic exercises for eight weeks since the 20th week of gestation in addition to receiving the routine care. However, mothers in the control group only received the routine pregnancy care. Then, pregnancy outcomes such as length of pregnancy, delivery phases, type of delivery and infants’ physiological indexes such as Apgar score, weight, height and head circumference were measured. Finally, the data were transferred into the SPSS statistical software and analyzed using T-test and Chi-square test.
Results: The two study groups were similar based on their age, level of education, income, employment status and satisfaction with their husbands. Also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the length of pregnancy, weight, height and Apgar score at birth. However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning type of delivery, duration of active phase of delivery and pain intensity in the active phase of delivery. In addition, back pain intensity significantly decreased in the intervention group, but increased with progress in pregnancy in the control group.
Conclusions: Special attention is paid to supportive methods such as exercising during pregnancy in the recent years. Exercising has positive effects on mothers and infants health. Thus, these exercises are recommended to be incorporated in pregnancy care.
Marzieh Akbarzadeh; Zahra Moradi; Azam Jowkar; Najaf Zare; Mohammad Javad Hadianfard
Abstract
Background: Pain, a common phenomenon, is an inevitable part of childbirth. A number of pressure points exist that reduce labor pain in the body.
Objectives: This study aims to compare mono- and bi-stage acupressure at the GB-21 point on the severity of labor pain and the delivery outcome.
Patients ...
Read More
Background: Pain, a common phenomenon, is an inevitable part of childbirth. A number of pressure points exist that reduce labor pain in the body.
Objectives: This study aims to compare mono- and bi-stage acupressure at the GB-21 point on the severity of labor pain and the delivery outcome.
Patients and Methods: This quasi-experimental uni-blind study enrolled 150 full-term pregnant women who were experiencing labor pains. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: a) mono-stage acupressure applied at 3-4 cm cervical dilatation (n = 50), b) bi-stage acupressure applied at 3-4 cm and 7-8 cm dilatation (n = 50), and c) control group (n = 50). Acupressure intervention at the GB-21 point was carried out for a period of 20 minutes. The pain severity was evaluated before, immediately, and at 30 and 60 minutes after intervention by a visual analog scale.
Results: The pain severity after intervention in the 3-4 cm dilatation mono-stage intervention group was less than the control group (P < 0.001). However there was no difference between the mono- and bi-stage intervention groups (P > 0.05). In the 7-8 cm dilatation group, the pain severity was reduced only in the bi-stage in contrast with mono stage intervention groups (P < 0.001). The duration of the second stage and rate of cesarean section was less in the intervention groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Exerting pressure at the GB-21 point is effective in reducing pain, duration of labor and the rate of cesarean sections. Pain can be reduced in the mother by increasing the Frequency interference of intervention (One vs. two stages). Because this method is both inexpensive and reliable, we recommend its use to the medical team.
Monire Toosi; Marzieh Akbarzadeh; Farkhondeh Sharif; Najaf Zare
Abstract
Background: Anxiety is among the pregnancy complications affecting maternal mental and physical health and attachment to the fetus and newborn. Relaxation training is an effective, simple and available method to address this dismal condition.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect ...
Read More
Background: Anxiety is among the pregnancy complications affecting maternal mental and physical health and attachment to the fetus and newborn. Relaxation training is an effective, simple and available method to address this dismal condition.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of relaxation training on anxiety and maternal attachment to fetus and neonate in primigravida women.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial comprised 84 primigravida pregnant woman including 42 experimental and 42 controls from a population of pregnant women referred to Shushtari and Hafez hospitals in the summer of 2010. Before the beginning of the study, anxiety and attachment levels of mothers to the fetus were assessed in both groups. In addition to the routine prenatal cares, the experimental group underwent four weekly 90-minutes of relaxation training for one month. The control group received only standard care during pregnancy. At the end of one month intervention, the anxiety and attachment levels of mothers to the fetus were assessed in both groups. The researcher visited mothers, while breastfeeding, on the first day after delivery, and recorded the mothers-neonates attachment behaviors.
Results: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age, sex and attachment and anxiety levels before the intervention. There were no significant differences in mean score of anxiety (P = 0.618) and attachment (P = 0.897) levels before the intervention in both groups. However, significant differences were observed in the anxiety (P = 0.017) and attachment (P = 0.005) mean scores after the intervention between both groups. Also, the mean score of maternal attachment after the first breastfeeding in the two groups showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that relaxation training reduces anxiety in pregnant women and improves maternal attachment to the newborn.
