Ali Nasiri; Mohammad Narimani; Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi; Mohammadreza Noroozi Homayoon
Abstract
Background: The emotional challenges faced by divorced women can significantly affect their mental well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and hypnotherapy on rumination, selfcompassion, and quality of life in divorced women.Method: ...
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Background: The emotional challenges faced by divorced women can significantly affect their mental well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and hypnotherapy on rumination, selfcompassion, and quality of life in divorced women.Method: This quasi-experimental study used a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The statistical population consisted of divorced women visiting counseling centers in Ardabil, Iran in 2024. A total of 45 divorced women were selected through convenience sampling. The study participants were randomly assigned to three groups, each consisting of 15 individuals: tDCS, hypnotherapy, and control groups. Each intervention group underwent eight weekly individual sessions. Data collection included the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS version 27.Results: After controlling the pre-test effects and ensuring that demographic characteristics were homogeneous and non-significant, the post-test scores for rumination, self-compassion, and quality of life in the tDCS group were 53.67±7.65, 65.27±11.07, and 52.80±9.53, respectively. In the hypnotherapy group, these scores were 44.93±3.92, 75.47±9.16, and 58.73±9.51, respectively. The control group had post-test scores of 61.73±5.87, 54.40±10.40, and 39.40±10.89. Tukey’s post hoc test confirmed that both tDCS and hypnotherapy significantly affected the dependent variables (P<0.001), with hypnotherapy having a greater impact than tDCS.Conclusions: The findings showed that although both tDCS and hypnotherapy interventions had significant effects on all three dependent variables, the hypnotherapy intervention demonstrated a more substantial and meaningful positive effect compared with transcranial direct current stimulation.
Mohammadreza Noroozi Homayoon; Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi; Masoud Sadeghi; Mohamad Hatami Nejad
Abstract
Background: Divorced women often experience emotional dysregulation, increased rumination, and a decline in quality of life. Cognitive-emotional regulation training (CERT) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) have been explored as potential interventions to address these challenges. This ...
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Background: Divorced women often experience emotional dysregulation, increased rumination, and a decline in quality of life. Cognitive-emotional regulation training (CERT) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) have been explored as potential interventions to address these challenges. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of CERT and tDCS in reducing difficulties in regulating emotions, decreasing rumination, and improving the quality of life among divorced women.Methods: This was a semi-experimental study involving three groups across three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The statistical population includes all divorced women who visited counseling and psychotherapy centers in Ardabil, Iran during the Winter of 2024. A total of 45 participants were purposefully sampled and then randomly assigned to three groups. The research tools include Gratz and Roemer’s Difficulty Regulation Scale (2004), John Weir’s Short-Form Quality of Life Questionnaire (1992), and Nolen-Hoeksma and Morrow’s Rumination Questionnaire (2008), along with interventions such as an 8-session (60 minutes each) emotional regulation training protocol and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.Results: In the post-test, the mean±standard deviation for difficulty in emotion regulation, rumination, and quality of life in the CERT group were 48.21±8.44, 27.38±9.19, and 55.34±10.98, respectively. In the tDCS group, the scores were 51.34±10.37, 33.67±11.47, and 52.37±11.81, showing significant differences compared with the control group where the scores were 59.09±12.64, 39.12±9.82, and 48.90±12.24 (P=0.001). The results indicated that both CERT and tDCS have reduced difficulty in emotion regulation and rumination and increased quality of life (P<0.001).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both (CERT) and (tDCS) effectively improved emotion regulation, reduced rumination, and enhanced quality of life in divorced women, with CERT showing slightly superior results. These findings support the use of CERT as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve psychological well-being in this population.
