Roya Zare; Zahra Karimian; Nahid Zarifsanaiey
Abstract
Background: Breast Neoplasms is believed to be one of the most prevalent types of cancer in women. In the early stages, the disease could be diagnosed and controlled by breast self-examination (BSE). However, attitude barriers stop women to BSE on a number of occasions. We conducted the present study ...
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Background: Breast Neoplasms is believed to be one of the most prevalent types of cancer in women. In the early stages, the disease could be diagnosed and controlled by breast self-examination (BSE). However, attitude barriers stop women to BSE on a number of occasions. We conducted the present study to investigate the attitude barriers of breast self-examination from the perspective of women who referred to health centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Methods: The current research was conducted as a cross sectional method from August to September 2019 on women aged 20- 60 years referring to health centers affiliated to SUMS. The participants were selected with simple Random sampling and 101 complete questionnaires were returned. The data collection tool was the researcher-made questionnaire comprising 5 components (12 items) in Likert scales. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS22 software using One sample T-test, Independednt T-test, and Pearson correlation. Results: Except for the component of mental beliefs (P=0.92), all the other components were significantly lower than expected (p <0.001). The mean scores were for embarrassment (2.85±0.48), previous knowledge (2.93±0.69), negligence (3.03±0.49), and fear of breast mass (3.05±0.43). Attitudinal barriers decreased with the increase in education (P=0.01). Moreover, regarding the evaluation of the correlation between the components, the highest correlation was between previous knowledge effect and negligence (r=0.66), embarrassment (r=0.52), fear of breath mass (0.50). Additionally, the correlation between negligence and fear of breast madd was found to be 0.52. Conclusion: Since certain factors, such as incorrect previous knowledge, examination-associated embarrassment, fear, and forgetfulness are barriers to BSE, designing educational programs at different ages and educational levels seems to be essential, for adolescents in particular. To eliminate previous misconceptions and attitudes, creating good culture through public media and social networks could be effective.
Sedighe Alipanahpour; Mahnaz Zarshenas; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Induced and unhealthy abortions exist worldwide, especially in developing countries. Awareness of the prevalence of abortion in the community can be an indirect measure of maternal health status. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of induced (forensic medicine referrals ...
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Background: Induced and unhealthy abortions exist worldwide, especially in developing countries. Awareness of the prevalence of abortion in the community can be an indirect measure of maternal health status. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of induced (forensic medicine referrals and obstetric indications) and spontaneous abortions based on demographic characteristics in 2018. Methods: This epidemiologic-cross-sectional study was conducted in the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Out of 5848 pregnant women, 437 cases of abortion were diagnosed within 3 months, making up the sample size. Data were collected using a researcher-made demographic questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, and so forth). Results: The overall prevalence of abortion in this study was 7.46%. The highest prevalence was observed in induced abortion with other causes (4.17%), followed by induced abortion with a forensic medicine letter (1.5%), and spontaneous abortion (1.79%), respectively. The highest frequency of induced abortion was found in the age group 30-34 (34.3%) and in housewives (76.2%). The highest frequency of education was high school belonging to mothers with spontaneous abortion (53.3%). There was a statistically significant difference among the variables of age, mother’s education, age, spouse’s occupation, and type of abortion (P≤0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of abortion was 7.46%, two thirds of which were abortion induced by other causes (55.8%). In addition to group education, health educators should plan effective methods of face-to-face and individual counseling to change mothers’ attitudes and inform them of the consequences of abortion.
Mehrab Sayadi; Leila Malekmakan; Khojaste Rahimi Jaberi
Volume 6, Issue 3 , July 2019, , Pages 31-35
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of adolescent girls toward menstrual health during puberty in the rural areas of Fars province.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study of 550girlsfromrural areas in two groups of students ...
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of adolescent girls toward menstrual health during puberty in the rural areas of Fars province.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study of 550girlsfromrural areas in two groups of students (n=318) and non-students (n = 232). Data were collected via a 47-item researcher-made questionnaire that included questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice of menstrual health that was completed during interviews. The significance level was set at < 0.05.
Results: In our study, the age distribution of the subjects was between 10 and 17 years and the mean age was 14.1±1.1 years. About 77.5% of the subjects had experienced menstruation, of whom 83.1% stated that they had information about the issue before menstruation. Moreover, 10.0% of them experienced fear and worries, 5.4% were surprised, and only 10.8% expressed satisfaction. The analysis of questions related to knowledge showed that the two groups had a moderate level of knowledge. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in all items except for the exercise item. From the practice point of view, the two groups were compared, while the two groups were significantly different in pain sensation (P = 0.006).
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice was low among rural students and non-students in Fars province and education is an important and essential factor that should be put on the agenda.
Sara Dokuhaki; Fatemeh Ghodrati
Volume 6, Issue 3 , July 2019, , Pages 36-40
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that spiritual beliefs in pregnancy can affect health habits and behaviors. Confidence in the power of God leads to increased patience and a sense of security, inner peace, and calm.
Objectives: We aimed to investigate the correlation between religious attitude and mental ...
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Background: Studies have shown that spiritual beliefs in pregnancy can affect health habits and behaviors. Confidence in the power of God leads to increased patience and a sense of security, inner peace, and calm.
Objectives: We aimed to investigate the correlation between religious attitude and mental health of mothers and infants in hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: The study was performed on 110 mothers in labor in 2016. Convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to conduct this study after obtaining the informed consent of participants. Data collection tools consisted of demographic information and fertility characteristics, religious-attitude questionnaire, and infant mental health checklist.
Results: The average maternal age was 26.4±25.6 in the range of 18 - 40 years. Maternal education was below diploma in 20.9% and bachelor’s degrees or higher 32.7%. The body mass index was above 25. Moreover, 65.5% (n = 72) had moderate religious attitudes. There was a statistically significant relationship between the religious attitude and mental health of the infant (P = 0.018). However, there was no significant relationship between the mental health of infant and other variables such as maternal age (r = -0.57, P = 0.5), and body mass index (r = 0.0141, P = 0.14).
Conclusions: There was a relationship between the maternal religious attitude in pregnancy and the mental health of the infant. Therefore, paying attention to matters of faith and the effectiveness of spiritual care in pregnancy is recommended for promoting maternal and infant health.
Shabnam Ghazanfari; Sedigheh Ebrahimi; Omid Asemani
Abstract
Background: Despite many studies, we are still in need of more investigations aiming at the implementation of patients’ rights in Iran; this would be more important concerning vulnerable groups like women. In this way, we have tried to study how much are Iranian women justified about Iranian patients’ ...
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Background: Despite many studies, we are still in need of more investigations aiming at the implementation of patients’ rights in Iran; this would be more important concerning vulnerable groups like women. In this way, we have tried to study how much are Iranian women justified about Iranian patients’ rights charter and how much are their rights observed during hospitalization.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 competent in-patients were selected by simple random sampling. A previously validated (face, content, and construct validity) and reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92) questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was designed based on the last version of Iranian patient rights charter and included four subscales. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using parametric statistics.
Results: Patients’ rights charter was practiced weak (0.76 ± 0.24 out of 3) according to the patients. The weakest score was observed for the dimension of ‘accountability and handling of complaints’ (0.09 ± 0.27). Generally, the participants placed a relative importance (justified relatively well) for the charter (2.20 ± 0.46). Additionally, the "importance" of the rights was also significantly different regarding patients’ educational (P < 0.001) and employment status (P < 0.001) and place of residence (P < 0.001). No significant correlation was determined between "Importance" and “performance” subscales.
Conclusions: According to the findings, more attempts should be implemented aiming at informing and sensitizing women about their rights. Therefore, establishing and/or supporting the following measures could be helpful: hospital and media-based advising programs for both patients and professionals, patients’ rights movements, systematic controls and supervisions and carrying out patients’ rights as a firm policy.
Maryam Hasanshahi; Abdolvahhab Baghbanian; Nasrin Motazedian
Abstract
Background: Nurses are one of the most significant group exposed to the risk of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therefore, to determine the disease level in patients and train them in the field are among the most essential subjects of nursing education. The study investigated the nursing ...
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Background: Nurses are one of the most significant group exposed to the risk of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therefore, to determine the disease level in patients and train them in the field are among the most essential subjects of nursing education. The study investigated the nursing students’ awareness, attitudes and tendency toward providing services to patients with HIV/AIDS.
Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2014, covered 110 second- and third-year nursing students from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. The research tools were demographics and AIDS knowledge questionnaires, an attitude towards AIDS scale and a discrimination against patients questionnaire. The information was analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics, t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: Males comprised 38.2% of the subjects, and females 61.8%. About 80% of the participants were single and 20% married. Almost two-thirds (60.9%) had a professional background. Regarding the awareness of AIDS and its transmission methods, 52.7% of the students were “a little” aware. Furthermore, 84.5% of students were at the moderate level of discrimination on giving services and taking care of patients with HIV; 52.2% of the subjects were also at a moderate level. A significant direct relationship was observed between the discrimination and attitude scores, P = 0.04 and r = 0.19.
Conclusions: The students’ levels of awareness of HIV and its transition methods were low, and this should be promoted thorough training. Discriminatory actions do occur, and it is necessary and possible to decrease their incidence by promoting students’ awareness of patients’ rights and ethical principles.
Pegah Jahani; Sulmaz Ghahramani; Gholamreza Abdollahifard
Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing rate of cervical cancer screening, and the importance of teachers and faculties in changing the perspective of population on this issue, the present study was carried out to evaluate knowledge base, attitude and performance of teachers and faculty members in relation ...
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Background: Due to the increasing rate of cervical cancer screening, and the importance of teachers and faculties in changing the perspective of population on this issue, the present study was carried out to evaluate knowledge base, attitude and performance of teachers and faculty members in relation to cervical cancer screening test.
Objectives: This study attempted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and performance of teachers and faculty members on cervical cancer screening test in Shiraz, Iran.
Patients and Methods: The present cross-sectional survey was conducted on a community with high education level. The study was carried out on a sample of 417 randomly selected subjects involving 206 participants from high school teachers and 211 faculty members. Stratified random sampling method was used proportionate to the size, of the main population in each group. P value 0.05 was considered for estimating sample size. Valid and reliable questionnaires were completed via face to face interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software version 13.
Results: Mean score of knowledge (4.78 ± 0.71) was higher in faculty members than female teachers (4.21 ± 1.16). There was no statistically significant difference in mean scores of knowledge (P value = 0.748) and attitude (P value = 0.704) between teachers of different age groups. Mean score of knowledge (P value = 0.001) and attitude (P value = 0.009) was significantly different among faculty members with different academic degrees. Although academics had higher Knowledge and attitude, the mean score of performance among teachers (18%) was higher than faculty members (16.6%).
Conclusions: This study showed that in regard to screening of cervical cancer, there is no acceptable knowledge, attitude and performance level among faculty members and teachers in different zones of Shiraz.
