Shiva Rafatie; Maryam Rabiee; Shabnam Golmohammadie; Shahrzad Hadavand
Abstract
Background: Work related factors have been suggested to adversely impact outcomes of pregnancy. The aims of this study were to compare neonatal birth weight in employed and non-employed women and to investigate the relation of 5 common occupational factors including working hours, shift work, standing, ...
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Background: Work related factors have been suggested to adversely impact outcomes of pregnancy. The aims of this study were to compare neonatal birth weight in employed and non-employed women and to investigate the relation of 5 common occupational factors including working hours, shift work, standing, bending forward, and physical workload intensity to neonatal birth weight.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 370 pregnant women, 185 employed and 185 non-employed. Information were collected about working conditions including working hours, shift work, standing, walking, bending, squatting, physical workload intensity, socio - demographic characteristic, as well as obstetric history of each patient by interview. Association between maternal occupational activity and neonatal birth weight was adjusted for medical and obstetric, occupational details were studied using logistic regression analysis.
Results: The mean birth weight in employed and non-employed women were 3052 ± 359.3, 3236.3 ± 377.2, respectively, which had a meaningful difference (P = 0.001). The mean of birth weight in employed women had a significant correlation with shift work (P = 0.0001), working hours per week (P = 0.001), and heavy a work load (P = 0.0001). After using linear multivariate regression, this study showed that employment and preterm delivery had the most significant effects on low birth weight.
Conclusions: Neonatal birth weight in employed women is less than non-employed women. Therefore, careful prenatal visits to monitor growth of fetus and adjustment of working hours will be suggested.
Bahia Namavar Jahromi; Rosyna Adibi; Sadaf Adibi; Leila Salarian
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia is a unique idiopathic syndrome in human pregnancy that can involve almost all organ systems.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the periodontal diseases between the preeclamptic and normal pregnant women in order to find a possible risk factor relationship.
Materials ...
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Background: Preeclampsia is a unique idiopathic syndrome in human pregnancy that can involve almost all organ systems.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the periodontal diseases between the preeclamptic and normal pregnant women in order to find a possible risk factor relationship.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 200 pregnant women, with maternal age ≤ 35 years and gestational age ˃ 20 weeks with singleton pregnancies. Of these, 100 women were preeclamptic with proteinuria and blood pressure ≥ 140/90 and 100 women with normal blood pressure in the control group. Oral examination was performed on all women by a dentist for detection of periodontal diseases. Gingivitis and periodontitis were diagnosed based on the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP)/American Dental Association (ADA) classification, using the measurement method of Ramfjord. The preeclamptic women were then sub-classified into mild and moderate and comparisons were made between all groups.
Results: The mean maternal age, BMI, neonatal birth weights and gestational age at delivery were not significantly different between the preeclamptic and normal groups. There was a significant association between preeclampsia and periodontal diseases (P ˂ 0.01). The mean number of involved teeth (P ˂ 0.001) and the mean pocket depth (P = 0.04) were higher among the preeclamptic group. Gingivitis was more frequent among the cases with mild (56.8%) compared to (31.6%) in the severe preeclamptic group (P = 0.04). Periodontitis was more prevalent among the cases with severe preeclampsia which was not statistically significant. The mean neonatal birth weight was significantly lower in the group with severe preeclampsia (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: There was a significant association between preeclampsia and periodontal diseases. The number of involved teeth and pocket depth were higher among the preeclamptic mothers compared to normal pregnant women.
