Manoosh Mehrabi; Shole Zarei; Leila Bazrafkan; Ali Reza Safarpour
Abstract
Background: Increasing breastfeeding rates around the world is one of the most important goals of the World Health Organization. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of smart phone-based education and regular delivery of designed messages on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous mothers. ...
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Background: Increasing breastfeeding rates around the world is one of the most important goals of the World Health Organization. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of smart phone-based education and regular delivery of designed messages on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous mothers. Methods: This study was an educational intervention in which 120 primiparous breastfeeding mothers were randomly allocated into two groups from March 2018 to March 2019. The control group received routine counseling interventions and the intervention group received a smart phone messaging program. We collected the data using demographic questionnaire and Dennis short form breast feeding questionnaire. Self-efficacy levels were compared in the two groups before and after the study procedures. We analyzed the data utilizing Student t-test, chi square, and one way – ANOVA. Results: In this study, 60 mothers were studied in each group, and then the collected data were analyzed. The mean posttest scores in the intervention group (60.40±4.92) and the control group (50.10±7.60) were compared. The results indicated a statistically significant difference between the groups (p <0.001). Working mothers and mothers with a higher level of education had significantly higher self-efficacy score following the intervention (P=0.04 and P=0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Breastfeeding counseling through text, audio, and video messages may increase maternal self-efficacy, particularly in high educated mothers and working ones.
Virginia Thorley
Abstract
Context: Articles discussing human milk banking and the sharing of milk among women have increasingly been appearing in the medical and nursing literature in the early-21st century. The articles usually focus on Western-style milk banks, as well as informal ways of providing women’s milk to premature ...
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Context: Articles discussing human milk banking and the sharing of milk among women have increasingly been appearing in the medical and nursing literature in the early-21st century. The articles usually focus on Western-style milk banks, as well as informal ways of providing women’s milk to premature or sick infants and others in need of human milk. This article will review this literature within the context of Muslims living in predominantly Islamic countries and the potential effects of migration within a country or to another country on knowledge of these issues.
Evidence Acquisition: Articles consulted were sourced from the bibliographies of the author’s previous articles and the references in other articles consulted during previous research. Following that, a search of the term “milk kinship” was conducted on Medline via Web of Science and in PubMed, but all relevant articles had already been accessed.
Results: A relatively few articles have discussed these matters in the Islamic context, to acknowledge the constraints that the creation of a kinship relationship by milk under Islamic law places on how breastfeeding or breast milk is shared. Nevertheless, these issues, and how needy infants can be provided with the life-giving breast milk they need, have begun to receive attention in international journals. Yet Muslim mothers may not be conversant with the issue of milk kinship in relation to milk banking or milk donation.
Conclusions: Some recent authors have made recommendations on how human milk donation can be achieved in the hospital setting through complying with the religious requirements. Donated human milk can be used in the hospital, provided the conditions are met.
Mohammad Hashem Hashempur; Mahshid Naseri; Alireza Ashraf
Abstract
Context: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent complaint during pregnancy and lactation. During lactation both environment and hormonal changes can contribute to worsening the symptoms. Some authors believe that CTS in lactation is a separate clinical entity which develops in pregnancy. Therefore, ...
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Context: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent complaint during pregnancy and lactation. During lactation both environment and hormonal changes can contribute to worsening the symptoms. Some authors believe that CTS in lactation is a separate clinical entity which develops in pregnancy. Therefore, the specific conditions of these patients demand a special assessment of their treatment.
Evidence Acquisition: We searched Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar regardless of the articles' publication date. The search was performed using the terms “carpal tunnel syndrome” “median nerve entrapment” or “median nerve neuropathy” which were independently associated (by using "and" in the builder) with breastfeeding, lactation, nursing, postnatal, postpartum, puerperal, and puerperium. We restricted our search to the articles published in English or Persian. The abstracts of references were carefully reviewed and included, if related to CTS and lactation. Finally, the extracted data about therapeutic options available for mothers during breastfeeding were assigned to different areas such as surgical, medical, etc. Related articles were then discussed under the most appropriate topics.
Results: Usually, gradual resolution of the symptoms of CTS occurs after stopping breastfeeding. Reassurance and nursing advice on optimal positions for holding baby and breasts during breastfeeding is the first step of treatment. Intra-carpal steroid injection, diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might have some benefits, according to the few observational studies on lactating women with CTS. Splinting as a safe option that does not interfere with breastfeeding with good efficacy is suggested by all authors. Surgical intervention is spared for the patients experiencing severe symptoms for long periods, those with thenar muscles wasting or when conservative treatment fails.
Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that in addition to nursing advice regarding positioning during breastfeeding, similar treatment strategy for CTS in general population is suitable for lactating mothers. However, available studies suffer from many shortcomings and have not evaluated all therapeutic options in this field. Well-designed interventional studies with special focus on this issue are needed to provide evidence based recommendations.
Azar Shamsi; Azam Baheiraei; Shahnaz Khaghani; Afshin Mohsenifar; Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
Abstract
Background: The number of cigarette smokers in people of all ages and the resulting second hand smokers are increasing worldwide. Smoking at home, work or in public places puts others at risk of exposure to second hand smoke.
Objectives: To study the effects of second-hand smoking on breast milk proteins.
Patients ...
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Background: The number of cigarette smokers in people of all ages and the resulting second hand smokers are increasing worldwide. Smoking at home, work or in public places puts others at risk of exposure to second hand smoke.
Objectives: To study the effects of second-hand smoking on breast milk proteins.
Patients and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 45 mothers exposed to second-hand smoke (cases) and 45 non-exposed post-partum mothers (controls) who attended health care centers. Milk samples were collected twice, (5-7 days and 4 months after delivery). Exposure was assessed through questionnaires which measured total levels of milk protein and albumin, and milk cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine.
Results: Cotinine levels in the breast milk of mothers in the exposed group were significantly higher than non-exposed group at baseline and 4 months after delivery (P = 0.001). Milk protein profiles in the non-exposed group were significantly higher 5-7 days after delivery in the non-exposed group, but the albumin profile was not significantly different at 4 months post-partum (P = 0.004).
Conclusions: Second-hand smoke affects the levels of breast milk proteins that are essential for infant growth.
Raha Afshariani