ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); A Remarkable Challenge for Healthcare Systems
Transmission of viral infections from mother to fetus is an important issue as it can affect both the maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes. The world is currently struggling with COVID-19 which has affected all countries regardless of their economic status. There exist similarities between the genetics of COVID-19 and other members of Coronavirus family, including SARS and MERS (1); therefore, it has been supposed that similar to SARS and MERS (2), COVID-19 has no vertical transmission (3). However, two systematic review studies provided some evidence which pointed to the contrary (4, 5). In a meta-analysis conducted by Kotlyar and colleagues the risk of vertical transmission from the infected mother to her baby was reported to be about 3.2% (5). This report is very important to healthcare systems as certain protocols have to be considered in screening babies born of infected mothers. Furthermore, there are still many questionable issues surrounding the behavior of agile COVID-19.
https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_47062_4172aecb5ec3702a2ac4dc54f705185b.pdf
2020-10-01
1
2
10.30476/whb.2020.88873.1088
coronavirus
Delivery of health care
women
Najmeh
Maharlouei
najmeh.maharlouei@gmail.com
1
Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Rasmussen SA, Smulian JC, Lednicky JA, Wen TS, Jamieson DJ. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;222(5):415-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017. PubMed PMID: 32105680; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7093856.## 2. Karimi-Zarchi M, Neamatzadeh H, Dastgheib SA, Abbasi H, Mirjalili SR, Behforouz A, et al. Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) from Infected Pregnant Mothers to Neonates: A Review. Fetal and Pediatric Pathology. 2020;39(3):246-50. doi: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1747120. PubMed PMID: 32238084; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7157948. ## 3. Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Saccone G, Rizzo G, Buca D, Liberati M, et al. Outcome of Coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID 1-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020:100107. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100107. PubMed PMID: 32292902; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7104131. ## 4. Ashraf MA, Keshavarz P, Hosseinpour P, Erfani A, Roshanshad A, Pourdast A, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Pregnancy and the Possibility of Vertical Transmission. Journal of reproduction & infertility. 2020;21(3):157-68. ## 5. Kotlyar AM, Grechukhina O, Chen A, Popkhadze S, Grimshaw A, Tal O, et al. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.049. PubMed PMID: 32739398; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7392880. ## 6. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet. 2020;395(10226):809-15. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3. ## 7. Tahamtan A, Ardebili A. Real-time RT-PCR in COVID-19 detection: issues affecting the results. Taylor & Francis; 2020. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1757437. PubMed PMID: 32297805; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7189409. ##
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Six Weeks of Aerobic Training (in the Morning and Afternoon) on Some Cardiovascular Indices and Quality of Life in Drug Addicted Women
Background: Addiction not only causes social and behavioral disorders but also affects various aspects of physical health, causing huge financial damages to individuals, families, and societies. Addicts have lower health and physical activity than the general population. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of aerobic training (in the morning and afternoon) on some cardiovascular indices and quality of life in drug addicted women.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, we selected 30 addicted women in Bojnourd city in 2016 by convenience and purposeful sampling method and divided them into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The training protocol comprised six weeks of aerobic training (three sessions per week in the morning and afternoon) with each session lasting 45-60 minutes with an intensity of 50-70% of maximal heart rate reserve. All participants were briefed on all study procedures and potential risks; they signed a written consent form after having read and understood the details of the experiments. We used paired sample t-test and ANCOVA to compare within and between-group variance changes;p Results: Weight (66.93±3.23 vs 65.89±3.13), body mass index (24.23±1.95 vs 23.86±1.97), body fat percentage (18.84±2.00 vs 17.96±2.03), fibrinogen (345.80±36.46 vs 338.06±38.74), and serum C-reactive protein (167.40±7.66 vs 159.80±13.96) decreased significantly at the end of the six-week aerobic training period (p <0.05). There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups regarding the mean changes of weight (P=0.001), body mass index (P=0.001), body fat percentage (P=0.005), maximal oxygen consumption (P=0.01), physical restraint (P=0.001), general health (P=0.001), vital force (P=0.004), social activity (P=0.001), physical performance (P=0.001), emotional performance (P=0.001), and life satisfaction (P=0.001).Conclusion: Six weeks of aerobic training in the morning and afternoon is likely to improve cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in female drug addicts.
https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_46946_3a4371969f623e0319cf875b24f62f6f.pdf
2020-10-01
3
10
10.30476/whb.2020.87143.1067
Substance-Related Disorders
C-reactive protein
Quality of life
َArezoo
Koohestani
1
Department of Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Fathi
kmfathei@gmail.com
2
Department of Sport Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Keyvan
Hejazi
k.hejazi@hsu.ac.ir
3
Department of Sport Physiology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Rahimi Mivaghar A. A Review on the Prevalence and the Patterns of Drug Abuse in Women in Iran. Social Welfare. 2004;3(12):203-26. ## 2. Ekhtiari H, Joghataei M, Zarrindast M. Editorial: New Iranian Strategic Plan on Addiction Biology Studies Has a Clear Message for Neuroscientists “Your Help is Seriously Needed”. BCN. 2011;2(3):3-4. ## 3. Becker JB, Hu M. Sex differences in drug abuse. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2008;29(1):36-47. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.07.003. PubMed PMID: 17904621; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2235192. ## 4. Peacock A, Leung J, Larney S, Colledge S, Hickman M, Rehm J, et al. Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report. Addiction. 2018;113(10):1905-26. doi: 10.1111/add.14234. PubMed PMID: 29749059. ## 5. Khajedaluee M, Dadgar Moghadam M. Maternal Substance Abuse and the Child’s Addiction during Adolescence and Young Adulthood. IJOGI. 2014;16(52):1-7.doi: 10.22038/IJOGI.2013.874. ## 6. Lovely RS, Massaro JF, D’Agostino Sr RB, Benjamin EJ, Kazmierczak SC, O’Donnell CJ, et al. Association of γ’ Fibrinogen with Risk Factors and Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in the Framingham Heart Study. Blood 2007;110(11):131-8. doi: 10.1182/blood.V110.11.131.131. ## 7. Stec JJ, Silbershatz H, Tofler GH, Matheney TH, Sutherland P, Lipinska I, et al. Association of fibrinogen with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Population. Circulation. 2000;102(14):1634-8. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.14.1634. PubMed PMID: 11015340. ## 8. Wolberg AS. Primed to understand fibrinogen in cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(1):4-6. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306754. PubMed PMID: 26700134; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4692188. ## 9. Saremi A, Khalaji H, Momeni KS, Momeni Kharaji S. Effect of Resistance Training on Serum Level of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Fibrinogen in Male Addicts. Res on Addict J. 2016;9(36):89-99. ## 10. Herrmann W, Herrmann M, Obeid R. Hyperhomocysteinaemia: A Critical Review of Old and New Aspects. Curr Drug Metab. 2007;8:17-31.doi: 10.2174/138920007779315008. PubMed PMID: 17266521. ## 11. Libby P, Bonow R, Mann D, Zipes D. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Saunders, 2007. ## 12. Collaboration ERF. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cardiovascular disease prediction. N Engl J Med. 2012; 367:1310-1320. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1107477. ## 13. Yang SH, Du Y, Zhang Y, Li XL, Li S, Xu RX, et al. Serum fibrinogen and cardiovascular events in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease: a prospective observational study. BMJ open. 2017;7(6):e015041. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015041. PubMed PMID: 28601829; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5734258. ## 14. El-Sayed, M.S. Effects of Exercise on Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Platelet Aggregation. Sports Med 22, 282–298 (1996). doi:10.2165/00007256-199622050-00002. ## 15. Oksanen A. Addiction and rehabilitation in autobiographical books by rock artists, 1974–2010. Drug and alcohol review. 2013;32(1):53-9. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00474.x. ## 16. Kurowski BG, Hugentobler J, Quatman-Yates C, Taylor J, Gubanich PJ, Altaye M, et al. Aerobic exercise for adolescents with prolonged symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury: an exploratory randomized clinical trial. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2017;32(2):79. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000238. PubMed PMID: 27120294; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5081281. ## 17. Aguiar LT, Nadeau S, Britto RR, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Martins JC, De Morais Faria CDC. Effects of aerobic training on physical activity in people with stroke: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):1-8. doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2823-0. ## 18. Leppink J, O’Sullivan P, Winston K. Effect size–large, medium, and small. Perspect Med Educ. 2016;5(6):347-9. doi: 10.1007/s40037-016-0308-y. PubMed PMID: 27752936; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5122517. ## 19. Mohammadi Zeidi I, Pakpour Hajiagha A, Mohammadi Zeidi B. Reliability and Validity of Persian Version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2012; 21 (1) :102-113. ## 20. Ghahremani Moghadam M, Hejazi H. Effect of aerobic training for 8 weeks on c-reactive protein, uric acid and total bilirubin in sedentary elderly women. Horizon Med Sci. 2015;21(2):81-9. ## 21. Vidyasagar S. Dose response relationship between exercise intensity and C reactive protein in healthy individuals. J Sci Med Sport. 2013; 16(1): e2–e38. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.071. ## 22. Swift DL, Johannsen NM, Earnest CP, Blair SN, Church TS. Effect of exercise training modality on C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc.2012;44(6):1028-34. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824526cc. ## 23. Nayebifar S, Afzalpour M, Saghebjoo M, Hedayati M, Shirzaee P. The effect of aerobic and resistance trainings on serum C- Reactive Protein, lipid profile and body composition in overweight women. MODERN CARE JOURNAL. 2011;8(4):186-96. ## 24. Patrick L, Uzick M. Cardiovascular disease: C-reactive protein and the inflammatory disease paradigm: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, alpha-tocopherol, red yeast rice, and olive oil polyphenols. A review of the literature. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(3):248-71. PubMed PMID: 11410071. ## 25. Genest J. C-reactive protein: risk factor, biomarker and/or therapeutic target? Can J Cardiol. 2010;26:1-10.doi: 10.1016/S0828-282X(10)71061-8. ## 26. Fantuzzi G. Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115(5):911-9.doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.02.023. PubMed PMID: 15867843. ## 27. Bruun J, Helge J, Richelsen B, Stallknecht B. Diet and exercise reduce lowgrade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue but not in skeletal muscle in severely obese subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 May;290(5):E961-7.doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00506.2005. PubMed PMID: 16352667. ## 28. Bargharar M, Khazani A, Zeyaie N, Hashemi A, Falah E. Effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise on coronary heart diseases’ markers of inflammation in middle-aged women, Hormozgan Med J. 2015 ; 19(3):e87473. ## 29. Dehghan S, Faramarzi M. The effect of 8-week low impact aerobic exercise on plasma fibrinogen concentration in old women. Int J Appl Exerc Physiol. 2013;2(1):40-5. ## 30. Amiri Parsa T, Khademosharie M, Azarnive MS. The effect of aerobic training on fibrinogen and blood cells in obese girls. Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2019;16(3):217-27. ## 31. Ghazalian F. Effects of Whole Body Vibration Training on Inflammatory Markers in Young Healthy Males. Ann Mil Health Sci Res. 2019;17(2):e89326. doi: 10.5812/amh.89326. ## 32. Prerost MR. Correlation of Homocysteine Concentration with Plasma Fibrinogen and Physical Activity in Males with Coronary Artery Disease. Virginia Tech, 1997. ## 33. Furukawa F, Kazuma K, Kojima M, Kusukawa R. Effects of an off-site walking program on fibrinogen and exercise energy expenditure in women. Asian Nurs Res. 2008;2(1):35-45. doi:10.1016/S1976-1317(08)60027-4. ## 34. Kasapis C, Thompson PD. The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: a systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(10):1563-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.077. ## 35. Balagopal P, George D, Sweeten S, Mann K, Yarandi H, Mauras N, et al. Response of fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of fibrinogen, concentration of D‐dimer and fibrinolytic balance to physical activity‐based intervention in obese children. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(8):1296-303. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03037.x. ## 36. Asbury EA, Chandrruangphen P, Collins P. The importance of continued exercise participation in quality of life and psychological well-being in previously inactive postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Menopause. 2006;13(4):561-7. doi: 10.1097/01.gme.0000196812.96128.e8. PubMed PMID: 16837877. ## 37. Kargarfard M, Dehghani M, Heidari A. Effect of a period of aquatic exercise therapy on the quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with hemophilia. Koomesh. 2011;12(4):1-10. ##
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of the Effect of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Social Anxiety and Interpersonal Relationships among Women on an Overweight Diet 2019-2020
Background: Anxiety disorders are psychiatric illnesses that are most common in developing countries. Obesity is thought to be a risk factor for anxiety and intimate relationship disorders. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the effect of compassion-focused therapy on social anxiety and interpersonal relationships among women on an overweight diet 2019-2020.Methods: The study research design was quasi-experimental with a control group, pre-test, and post-test. We narrowed down 100 women according to the inclusion criteria; among them, we randomly selected 30 women on an overweight diet referring to the diet therapy clinics in Tehran province from December 2019 to April 2020. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=15) was treated with compassion-focused therapy for ten weekly 90-minute sessions while the control group (n=15) did not receive any treatment. At the start of the study, after 10 weeks, all participants were tested using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and the Revised Communication Skills Questionnaire (RCSQ) methods. In addition to descriptive statistics, we used Chi-squared, independent, and dependent t tests to interpret the results; we employed the SPSS-25 program for all the analyses.Results: According to Mean±SD, there was a significant difference between the experimental (1.41±0.03) and control (2.01±0.43) groups regarding social anxiety and regarding interpersonal relationships there was a significant difference between the experimental (2.50±0.21) and control (1.83±0.21) groups, respectively. The experimental group had significantly lower post-test scores in terms of social anxiety (P=0.04) and interpersonal relationships (P=0.001). Moreover, there was a significant change in the experimental group from the pre-test to the post-test concerning all components of social anxiety (P=0.001) and interpersonal relationships (P=0.001).Conclusion: The findings showed that compassion-focused therapy could help with overweightness. Therefore, this intervention program is recommended for preventing social anxiety and interpersonal relationships among women on an overweight diet.
https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_46975_7485fd0b40b1c4433ba905337981879f.pdf
2020-10-01
11
18
10.30476/whb.2020.87458.1073
Empathy
Therapeutics
Anxiety
Interpersonal relationships
Parichehr
Sadr Nafisi
psnafissi@gmail.com
1
Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
zahra
Eftekhar Saadi
zeftekharsaadi@gmail.com
2
Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fariba
Hafezi
fhaffezi@gmail.com
3
Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Heidari
heidaria945@gmail.com
4
Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
1. World Health Organization. Global strategy on diet, physical activity, and health: childhood overweight and obesity. Geneva: WHO. 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. ## 2. Duarte C, Stubbs J, Pinto-Gouveia J, Matos M, Gale C, Morris L, Gilbert P. The impact of self-criticism and self-reassurance on weight-related affect and well-being in participants of a commercial weight management programme. Obesity facts. 2017;10(2):65-75. doi:10.1159/000454834. ## 3. Mousavi S, Rajabi S, Ebadi Z, Mashalpoorefard M. Comparing trait-state anxiety as well as positive and negative affect among obese and normal women (Ahvaz city, Iran, 2017). Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology. 2018;7(4):194-200.doi: 10.29252/johe.7.4.194. ## 4. Papadopoulos S, Brennan L. Correlates of weight stigma in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic literature review. Obesity. 2015;23(9):1743-60. doi:10.1002/oby.21187. ## 5. Griffiths S, Mond JM, Murray SB, Touyz S. Young peoples’ stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2014;47(2):189-95. doi:10.1002/eat.22220. ## 6. Gharraee B, Zahedi Tajrishi K, Ramezani Farani A, Bolhari J, Farahani H. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Compassion Focused Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder, Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2018; 12(4): e80945. doi: 10.5812/ijpbs.80945. ## 7. Duarte C, Stubbs J, Pinto-Gouveia J, Matos M, Gale C, Morris L, Gilbert P. The impact of self-criticism and self-reassurance on weight-related affect and well-being in participants of a commercial weight management programme. Obesity facts. 2017;10(2):65-75.doi:10.1159/000454834. ## 8. Duarte C, Matos M, Stubbs RJ, Gale C, Morris L, Gouveia JP, Gilbert P. The impact of shame, self-criticism and social rank on eating behaviors in overweight and obese women participating in a weight management programme. PloS one. 2017;12(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167571. PubMed PMID: 28107449; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5249118. ## 9. Lazzeretti L, Rotella F, Pala L, Rotella CM. Assessment of psychological predictors of weight loss: How and what for? World journal of psychiatry. 2015;5(1):56. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.56. PubMed PMID: 25815255; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4369550. ## 10. Kirby JN. Compassion interventions: The programmes, the evidence, and implications for research and practice. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2017 ;90(3):432-55.doi:10.1111/papt.12104. ## 11. Steindl SR, Buchanan K, Goss K, Allan S. Compassion focused therapy for eating disorders: A qualitative review and recommendations for further applications. Clinical Psychologist. 2017;21(2):62-73. doi:10.1111/cp.12126. ## 12. Vrabel KR, Wampold BE, Quintana DS, Goss K, Waller G, Hoffart A. The Modum-ED Trial Protocol: Comparing Compassion-Focused Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Treatment of Eating Disorders with and Without Childhood Trauma: Protocol of a Randomized Trial. Front Psychol. 2019; 10:1638. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01638. PubMed PMID: 31379673; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6657670. ## 13. Finlay-Jones A, Xie Q, Huang X, Ma X, Guo X. A pilot study of the 8-week mindful self-compassion training program in a Chinese community sample. Mindfulness. 2018;9(3):993-1002. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0838-3. ## 14. Kelly AC, Carter JC. Self‐compassion training for binge eating disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychol Psychother. 2015;88(3):285-303. doi: 10.1111/papt.12044. PubMed PMID: 25330466. ## 15. Ferrari M, Hunt C, Harrysunker A, Abbott MJ, Beath AP, Einstein DA. Self-compassion interventions and psychosocial outcomes: a meta-analysis of RCTs. Mindfulness. 2019;10(8):1455-73. doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01134-6. ## 16. Kelly AC, Wisniewski L, Martin‐Wagar C, Hoffman E. Group‐based compassion‐focused therapy as an adjunct to outpatient treatment for eating disorders: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2017;24(2):475-87. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2018. PubMed PMID: 27237928. ## 17. Mohammadi S, Hafezi F, Ehteshamzadeh P, Eftekhar Saadi Z, Bakhtiarpour S. The Effect of Schema Therapy on Sexual Self-Esteem in the Women Involved in Marital Conflicts. Women. Health. Bull. 2020;7(2):49-55. ## 18. Schneider KL, Appelhans BM, Whited MC, Oleski J, Pagoto SL. Trait anxiety, but not trait anger, predisposes obese individuals to emotional eating. Appetite. 2010;55(3):701-6. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.006. PubMed PMID: 20959131; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3030203. ## 19. Connor KM, Davidson JR, Churchill LE, Sherwood A, Weisler RH, Foa E. Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;176(4):379-86. doi: 10.1192/bjp.176.4.379. PubMed PMID: 10827888. ## 20. Dogaheh ER. Psychometric properties of Farsi version of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013; 84:763-8.doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.642. ## 21. Queendom A. Communication Skills Test-Revised. Available online by Internet: http://www. queendom. com/cgi-bin/tests/transfer. cgi. 2004. ## 22. Hosseinchari M, Fadakar MM. Investigating the effects of higher education on communication skills based on comparison of college and high school students. Training & Learning Researches. 2006;1(15):21-32. ## 23. Ratcliffe D, Ellison N. Obesity and internalized weight stigma: A formulation model for an emerging psychological problem. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2015 Mar;43(2):239-52. doi: 10.1017/S1352465813000763. ## 24. Duarte C, Gilbert P, Stalker C, Catarino F, Basran J, Scott S, Horgan G, Stubbs RJ. Effect of adding a compassion-focused intervention on emotion, eating and weight outcomes in a commercial weight management programme. Journal of health psychology, 2019;1359105319890019. doi:10.1177/1359105319890019. PubMed PMID: 31804147. ## 25. Goss K, Allan S. The development and application of compassion‐focused therapy for eating disorders (CFT‐E). Br J Clin Psychol. 2014;53(1):62-77. doi:10.1111/bjc.12039. PubMed PMID: 24588762. ## 26. Gilbert J, Stubbs RJ, Gale C, Gilbert P, Dunk L, Thomson L. A qualitative study of the understanding and use of ‘compassion focused coping strategies’ in people who suffer from serious weight difficulties. Journal of Compassionate Health Care. 2014;1(1):9. doi:10.1186/s40639-014-0009-5. ## 27. Steindl SR, Buchanan K, Goss K, Allan S. Compassion focused therapy for eating disorders: A qualitative review and recommendations for further applications. Clinical Psychologist. 2017;21(2):62-73. doi:10.1111/cp.12126. ## 28. Matos M, Duarte C, Duarte J, Pinto-Gouveia J, Petrocchi N, Basran J, Gilbert P. Psychological and physiological effects of compassionate mind training: A pilot randomized controlled study. Mindfulness. 2017;8(6):1699-712. doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0745-7. ## 29. Mullen G, Dowling C, Doyle J, O’Reilly G. Experiences of compassion focused therapy in eating disorder recovery: A qualitative model. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research. 2018. doi:10.1002/capr.12283. ## 30. Biber DD, Ellis R. The effect of self-compassion on the self-regulation of health behaviors: A systematic review. Journal of health psychology. 2019;24(14):2060-71. doi:10.1177/1359105317713361. ## 31. Gilbert P. The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. Br J Clin Psychol. 2014;53(1):6-41. doi:10.1111/bjc.12043. PubMed PMID: 24588760. ##
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Contraceptive Preference and Associated Factors: Implication on Pregnancy Intentions among Nursing Mothers in Southwest Nigeria
Background: The gap between women’s reproductive intention and contraceptive behavior could be attributed to the increasing rate of unintended pregnancies globally. The present study was conducted to explore nursing mothers’ perception of contraception,identify the pattern of contraceptive uptake, examine the variations in pregnancy intention, and ultimately, to identify factors influencing contraceptive uptake and pregnancy intention in Nigeria.Methods: The current study adopted sequential explanatory mixed method. We collected the quantitative data from 400 nursing mothers in Irewole and Ife Central Local Government Areas of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria employing semi-structuredquestionnaire. Our nursing mothers were selected through multi-stage sampling technique. This excluded mothers whose index child were older than 2 years old. Focus Group Discussion was conducted with use of focus group discussion guide was conducted for the qualitative survey. Eight discussants selected by convenient sampling participated in each session. We analyzedthe quantitative data using SPSS software at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Binary and multinomial regression analysis examined the association between dependent and independent variables while the level of significance was consideredat p < 0.05. The qualitative findings were reported thematically.Results: The participants in this work perceived that inappropriate contraceptive use influenced pregnancy intention, 8.5% of the nursing mothers used barrier method of contraception, 9.5% used intrauterine device, 4% hormonal pills, 8% hormonal injections,6.5% implants, 1% calendar methods, and 0.5% traditional methods whereas 62% did not use any form of contraception. About 37% of the nursing mothers had previous pregnancies unintended, 52% were ambivalent while 11% had their pregnanciesplanned. Age (P=0.02, relative risk ratio (RRR)=0.42, CI=0.20-0.87), parity (P=0.001, RRR=10.38, CI=3.27-32.92), ethnicity (P=0.002, RRR=0.13,CI=0.03-0.48), and religion (P=0.048, RRR=0.26, CI=0.07-0.99) were the main predictors of pregnancyintention while Islamic religion (P=0.02, OR=2.23, CI=1.16 - 4.26) and grand multiparty (P=0.01, OR=3.61, CI=1.37-9.51) significantly influenced contraceptive choices.Conclusion: Nursing mothers’ parity, age, religion and ethnicity were the main predictors of pregnancy intention, among which religion and parity significantly influenced contraceptive choices. These variables should be incorporated into future interventionprograms which aim to develop effective strategies towards improving uptake and utilization of reproductive health services
https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_47020_e42ded15cb3b69afd40a1ee5498f1a11.pdf
2020-10-01
19
32
10.30476/whb.2020.87503.1074
Contraceptive uptake
Pregnancy
Intention
Nursing
Mothers
Nigeria
Adebukunola
Afolabi
bukieafolabi@yahoo.com
1
Clinical Nursing Services, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adenike
Olaogun
adenikeolaogun@gmail.com
2
Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Ile Ife, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Kolade
Afolabi
doctorafolabi2@yahoo.com
3
Medical and Health Services, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
1. World Health Organization, WHO. Family planning /contraception methods.2020.http://www.who.int. ## 2. Adedini SA, Odimegwu C, Imasiku E N, Ononokpono DN. Unmet need for family planning: Implication for under-five mortality in Nigeria, J health popul and nutri. 2015;33(1),187–206. PubMed PMID: 25995735; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4438662. ## 3. Fayehun F. Contraceptive use in Nigeria is incredibly low: A lack of knowledge may be why. The conversation Africa. 2017. https://theconversation.com/contraceptive-use-in-nigeria-is-incredibly-low-a-lack-of-knowledge-may-be-why-81453. ## 4. Singh S, Bankole A, Darroch JE. The impact of contraceptive use and abortion on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa: Estimates for 2003–2014. Popul dev rev. 2017. doi:10.1111/padr.12027. ## 5. Bamigboye EA, Ajayi I. Changing patterns of unmet needs for family planning among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. African journal of reproductive health. 2016;20(3): 127-135. doi: 10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.17. PubMed PMID: 29553202. ## 6. Bishwajit G, Tang S, Yaya S, Feng Z. Unmet need for contraception and its association with unintended pregnancy in Bangladesh. BioMed central journal of pregnancy and childbirth.2017;17(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1379-4. ## 7. Adeyemi AB, Loto OM, Ijadunola KT, Asa SS, Ajenifuja KO, Ofili MI. Factors influencing contraceptive use among grandmultipara in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Tropical journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.2011;28(1). ## 8. Eliason S, Baiden F, Yankey BA, Awusabo–Asare A. Determinants of unintended pregnancies in rural Ghana. BMC pregnancy and childbirth.2014;14 (261). doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-261. ## 9. Afolabi AO, Olaogun AA, Afolabi KA, Afolabi EK. Determinants of unintended pregnancies among nursing mothers in southwest Nigeria. African journal of midwifery and women’s health. doi:10.12968/ ajmw.2019.0010. 10. Doskoch P. A fourth of married African women have an unmet need for contraception. International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health.2014; 40(3), 155-156. ## 11. Solanke BL. Factors influencing contraceptive use and non-use among women of advance reproductive age in Nigeria. J health pop. 2017. 2017; 36: 1. doi: 10.1186/s41043-016-0077-6. ## 12. Lamina MA. Prevalence and Determinants of Unintended Pregnancy among women in South-Western Nigeria. Ghana Med J.2015;49(3):187-194. PubMed PMID: 26693195; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4676590. ## 13. Barrett G, Smith S, Wellings K. Conceptualisation, development and evaluation of a measure of unplanned pregnancy. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58(5):426–433. doi: 10.1136/jech.2003.014787. PubMed PMID: 15082745; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1732751. ## 14. Fadeyi AO, Oduwole TA. Effect of religion on reproductive health issues in Nigeria. International journal of innovative healthcare research.2016;4(1): 17-33. ## 15. Religion, women’s health and rights: Points of contention and paths of opportunities. United Nations Population Fund. 2016. https://www.unfpa.org/node/15024. 16. Ugwu NU, de Kok B. Socio-cultural factors, gender roles and religious ideologies contributing to Caesarian-section refusal in Nigeria. Reprod;2015: 12:70. doi:10.1186/s12978-015-0050-7. ## 17. Bankole A, Adewole I.F, Hussean R, Awolude O, Singh S, Akinyemi JO. The Incidence of Abortion in Nigeria. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2015;41 (4), 170-181. doi: 10.1363/4117015. PubMed PMID: 26871725; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4970740. ## 18. Ameyaw EK, Budu E, Sambah F, Baatiema L, Appiah F, Seidu A et al. Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: A multicountry analysis of demographic and health surveys. PLoS ONE.2019;4(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220970. PubMed PMID: 31398240; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6688809. ## 19. Ayoola AB. Late recognition of unintended pregnancies. Public Health Nurs. 2015;32 (5):462-470. doi: 10.1111/phn.12182. PubMed PMID: 25655426. ## 20. Izugbara C. Household characteristics and unintended pregnancy among ever- married women in Nigeria. Journal of Social Medicine.2014;8(1). ## 21. Calvert C, Baisley K, Doyle AM, Maganja K, Changalucha J, Watson-Jones D, et al. (2013). Risk factors for unplanned pregnancy among young women in Tanzania. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care.2013;39 (4),2 . doi: 10.1136/jfprhc-2012-100389. PubMed PMID: 23902713; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3786620. ## 22. Haffejee FO, Connor L, Govender N, Reddy P, Sibiya MN., Ghumann S,Borg D. Factors associated with unintended pregnancy among women attending a public health facility in Kwazulu-natal, South Africa. Journal of South African family practice.2017;1(1),1–5. doi:10.1080/20786190.2017.1396790. ## 23. Sedgh G, Ashford LS, Hussain R. Unmet Need for Contraception in Developing Countries: Examining Women’s Reasons for Not Using a Method. Gutttmacher 2016. ## 24. Fotso JC, Izugbara C, Saliku T, Ochako R. Unintended pregnancy and subsequent use of modern contraceptive among slum and non-slum women in Nairobi, Kenya. Biomed Central Journal of Pregnancy and Childbirth.2014;14:224.doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-224. ##
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Methods of Reducing Anxiety and Their Relationship with the Age of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with clinical manifestations such ashirsutism, acne, reduced fertility, menstrual and obesity disorders, and psychological and mood problems. Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling that has been identified through several ways. We assessed the approaches to reducing anxiety and their association with the age of patients suffering from PCOS.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on the methods for reducing anxiety and the relationship between the type of method and patients’age. Through the use of a checklist, we examined 80 women of childbearing age with PCOS. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data, and 5% level was considered as the significant level.Results: Based on the results obtained 45 subjects (56.2%) reduced their anxiety through prayer and religious deeds, 30 (37.50%) by crying, 27 (33.8%) by listening to music, 12 (15%) through fighting, and nine (11.25%) by sleeping. Seven participants (8.75%)did yoga and exercised, and 21 (26.25%) used other methods to reduce their anxiety. There was also a significant relationship between people’s age and prayer (P=0.038). Also, people’s age and listening to music (P=0.043) were observed to decreaseanxiety and in other cases, no significant relationship was observed.Conclusion: The most common strategy for reducing anxiety among patients was to pray and perform religious deedsalong with other methods. There was also a significant association between the participants’ age and praying and listening to music as waysof lowering anxiety.
https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_47026_58113d2a2bf0fe096fa2127a213f6225.pdf
2020-10-01
33
38
10.30476/whb.2020.87433.1072
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Anxiety
Religion
Music
Age
Maryam
Heidary
maryam_mid2000@yahoo.com
1
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Marzieh
Akbarzadeh
akbarzadm@sums.ac.ir
2
Maternal–fetal Medicine Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Veltman-Verhulst SM, Boivin J, Eijkemans MJ, Fauser BJ. Emotional distress is a common risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 studies. Hum Reprod Update. 2012;18(6):638-51. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dms029. PubMed PMID: 22824735. ## 2. Akbarzadeh M, Morshed Behbahani B, Naderi N, Dabbaghmaneh MH, Zare N. The survey of central obesity and BMI associated with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. 2015;(3) 82–85. doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2015.09.001. ## 3. Heidary M, Yazdanpanahi Z, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Parsanezhad ME, Emamghoreishi M, Akbarzadeh M. Effect of chamomile capsule on lipid- and hormonal-related parameters among women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Res Med Sci. 2018;23:33. doi: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_90_17. PubMed PMID: 29887901; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5961291. ## 4. Naz MS, Tehrani FR, Lak TB, Mohammadzadeh F, Nasiri M, Badr FK, Ozgoli G. Quality of Life and Emotional States of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag . 2020; 13:203. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S241192. PubMed PMID: 32184681; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7053650. ## 5. Akbarzadeh M, Moradi F, Dabbaghmanesh MH ,.Zareh N, Parsanezhad ME . Insulin resistance in the first degree relatives (father, mother, and siblings) of the patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity.2013;5(4):163-170. ## 6. Panico A, Messina G, Lupoli GA, Lupoli R, Cacciapuoti M, Moscatelli F, Esposito T, Villano I, Valenzano A, Monda V, Messina A. Quality of life in overweight (obese) and normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Patient preference and adherence. 2017; 11:423. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S119180. PubMed PMID: 28280314; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5338969. ## 7. Chaudhari AP, Mazumdar K, Mehta PD. Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Indian journal of psychological medicine. 2018 Jun;40(3):239-46. doi: 10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_561_17. PubMed PMID: 29875531; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5968645. ## 8. Mirbagher Ajorpaz N, Khaleghi M. Effect of Prayer on the anxiety level in the family members of patients undergoing general surgery in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan. Community Health Journal 2017; 8 (1):1-8. 9. Azizi S, Pelarak F, Mohagheghi J. Effectiveness of religious teachings in reducing anxiety in pregnant women. Religion and Health. 2017;4(2):46-55. ## 10. Fathi Zadeh M, alimoradi S. THE EFFECT OF AEROBICS EXERCISE ON DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS IN WOMEN WITH SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM. Nurs Midwifery J. 2019; 17 (9) :749-757. ## 11. Khazaei H, Rezaei M, Ghadami MR, Tahmasian M, Mobarra AG, Shiri E. Relationship between religious values and anxiety among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences students. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. 2010;14(1). ## 12. Cooney LG, Dokras A. Depression and anxiety in polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology and treatment. Current psychiatry reports. 2017;19(11):83. doi: 10.1007/s11920-017-0834-2. PubMed PMID: 28929349. ## 13. Cooney LG, Milman LW, Hantsoo L, Kornfield S, Sammel MD, Allison KC, Epperson CN, Dokras A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy improves weight loss and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot randomized clinical trial Fertil Steril. 2018;110(1):161-71. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.028. PubMed PMID: 29908771; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6443091. ## 14. Kogure GS, Ribeiro VB, Lopes IP, Furtado CL, Kodato S, de Sá MF, Ferriani RA, da Silva Lara LA, dos Reis RM. Body image and its relationships with sexual functioning, anxiety, and depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Affect Disord. 2019; 253:385-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.006. PubMed PMID: 31082731. ## 15. Austin PC, Steyerberg EW. The number of subjects per variable required in linear regression analyses. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015;68(6):627-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.12.014. PubMed PMID: 25704724. ## 16. Harrell, Frank E. Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis.springer-verlag,New York,NY.2001. ## 17. Barry JA, Kuczmierczyk AR, Hardiman PJ. Anxiety and depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2011;26(9):2442-51. doi: 10.1093/humrep/der197. PubMed PMID: 21725075. ## 18. Sirmans SM, Pate KA. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Epidemiol. 2014; 6:1. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S37559. PubMed PMID: 24379699; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3872139. ## 19. MokhtaryanT, Yazdanpanahi Z, Akbarzadeh M, Amooee S, Najaf Zare. The impact of Islamic religious education on anxiety level in primipara mothers. J Family Med Prim Care 2016;5:331-7. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.192314. PubMed PMID: 27843837; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5084557. ## 20. Gilani TM, Ghodrati F, Yazdanpanahi Z, Amooee S, Akbarzadeh M. The effect of teaching religious principles on the infants’ growth and development. J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:135. Published 2019 Jul 29. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_81_19. PubMed PMID: 31463320; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6691610. ## 21. Dokras A, Stener-Victorin E, Yildiz BO, Li R, Ottey S, Shah D, Epperson N, Teede H. Androgen Excess-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society: position statement on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and eating disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2018;109(5):888-99. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.038. PubMed PMID: 29778388. ## 22. Achour M, Muhamad A, Syihab AH, Nor MR, Yusoff MY. Prayer Moderating Job Stress Among Muslim Nursing Staff at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). J Relig Health. 2019 ;11:1-9. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00834-6. PubMed PMID: 31079348. ## 23. Ali-Ahmad M, Jenaabadi H. The Effectiveness of Teaching the Components of Psychological Relaxation Based on the Islamic Viewpoint (Patience and Prayer) on Test Anxiety and the Resilience of First-Grade High School Students in Zahedan. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies. 2018;15(32):185-202. ## 24. Dehestani H, moshfeghy Z, Ghodrati F, Akbarzadeh M. the Relationship between Spiritual Health and Mother’s Forgiveness with her Anxiety in the Labor of the Pregnant Women Referring to Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences . International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences.2018;7(2):174-9. ## 25. Fleury EA, Approbato MS, Silva TM, Maia MC. Music therapy in stress: proposal of extension to Assisted Reproduction. Journal of Brezilian Assisted Reproduction. 2014;18(2):55-61. ## 26. de la Rubia Ortí JE, García-Pardo MP, Iranzo CC, Madrigal JJ, Castillo SS, Rochina MJ, Gascó VJ. Does Music Therapy Improve Anxiety and Depression in Alzheimer’s Patients? J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Jan;24(1):33-36. doi: 10.1089/acm.2016.0346. PubMed PMID:28714736. ## 27. Cimen SG, Oğuz E, Gundogmus AG, Cimen S, Sandikci F, Ayli MD. Listening to music during arteriovenous fistula surgery alleviates anxiety: A randomized single-blind clinical trial. World J Transplant. 2020;10(4):79. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i4.79. PubMed PMID: 32405474; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7205904. ## 28. James-Palmer A, Anderson E, Zucker L, Kofman Y, Daneault JF. Yoga as an intervention for the reduction of symptoms of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2020;8:78.doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00078. PubMed PMID: 32232017; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7082809. ##
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Awareness of Breast Cancer and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Urban Underprivileged Women in Bangalore city, India
Background: The low breast cancer survivorship in India compared to developed countries has been found to be attributed to late detection. Breast self-examination (BSE) still remains a viable screening option among poor and marginalised communities. We conducted the present study to determine breast cancer awareness and practice of BSE and their determinants among urban underprivileged women.Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study in an urban underprivileged area in Bangalore city in early 2020, among women aged 25 years or more. Our sample size was estimated as 714 subjects. The interview schedule included Breast Cancer Awareness Measure We employed chi-square test for associations and logistic regression analysis for adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.Results: Out of the 751 women, 60.3% were not aware of any symptoms and 61.1% were not aware of any risk factors of breast cancer. Only 6% had heard of BSE and 3.4% reported performing BSE in the past year. The practice of BSE was found to be more prevalent among women who were aware of at least one symptom [OR=6.8(2.5-18.2), p <0.001] or one risk factor [OR=12.9(3.9- 43.6), p <0.001] of breast cancer and among those with past attendance at a breast cancer screening camp [OR=31.4(13.3-74.1),p <0.001].Conclusion: Poor awareness concerning breast cancer and woefully inadequate practice of BSE among urban underprivileged women highlights the requirement for targeted interventions in such communities. The importance of awareness of breast cancer as a precursor to practice BSE was evident in our study, which emphasizes the need for increased access to quality and credible health information. This study emphasizes the importance of community-based programming, like breast cancer screening camps, in order to improve practice of BSE.
https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_47027_b584e870fdccc9398a804e2ca62ce691.pdf
2020-10-01
39
45
10.30476/whb.2020.87833.1081
Breast self-examination
Early detection of cancer
India
Avita Rose
Johnson
avita@johnson.in
1
Department of Community Health, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
AUTHOR
Mitchell
Singstock
singstmd@mail.uc.edu
2
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Cency
Baburajan
cencyvyola@gmail.com
3
Department of Community Health, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
AUTHOR
Suchitra
Bajaj
drsuchitraamitbajaj@gmail.com
4
Biocon Foundation, Bangalore, India
AUTHOR
Sulekha
Thimmaiah
nakulsulekha13@gmail.com
5
Department of Community Health, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
AUTHOR
1. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. International Journal of Cancer. 2019;144(8):1941–53. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31937. PubMed PMID: 30350310. ## 2. World Cancer Research Fund [Internet]. Breast Cancer Statistics. [cited 2020 Apr 29]. Available from: https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/cancer-trends/breast-cancer-statistics. ## 3. Malvia S, Bagadi SA, Dubey US, Saxena S. Epidemiology of breast cancer in Indian women. Asia Paci J Clin Oncol.2017;13(4):289–95. doi: 10.1111/ajco.12661. PubMed PMID:: 28181405. ## 4. Breast Cancer India [Internet]. Statistics of Breast Cancer in India. [cited 2020 Apr 29]. Available from: http://www.breastcancerindia.net/statistics/trends.html. ## 5. Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, Harewood R, Matz M, Nikšić M, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000–14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37,513,025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet. 2018;391(10125):1023–75. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33326-3. PubMed PMID: 29395269; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5879496. ## 6. World Health Organization. WHO position paper on mammography screening. WHO Geneva 2014. ISBN: 978-92-4-150793-6. ## 7. Government of India: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Operational Framework: Management of Common Cancers. 2016. Available from: http://cancerindia.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Operational_Framework_Management_of_Common_Cancers.pdf. ## 8. Wall K, Núñez-Rocha G, Salinas-Martínez A, Sánchez-Peña S. Determinants of the use of breast cancer screening among women workers in Urban Mexico. Prev Chronic Dis 2008;5(2):A50. PubMed PMID: 18341785; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2396987. ## 9. Shrivastava S, Saurabh Shrivastava P, Ramasamy J. Self Breast Examination: A Tool for Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Am J Public Heal Res. 2013;1(6):135–9. doi: 10.12691/ajphr-1-6-2. ## 10. Smith R, Cokkinides V, Eyre H. American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:31–44. PubMed PMID: 15661685. ## 11. Chong PN, Krishnan M, Hong CY, Swah TS. Knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening amongst public health nurses in Singapore. Singapore Med J. 2002 Oct;43(10):509-16. PubMed PMID: 12587705. ## 12. Kim SJ, Glassgow AE, Watson KS, Molina Y, Calhoun EA. Gendered and racialized social expectations, barriers, and delayed breast cancer diagnosis. Cancer. 2018;124(22):4350–7. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31636. PubMed PMID: 30246241; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6487877. ## 13. Somdatta P, Baridalyne N. Awareness of breast cancer in women of an urban resettlement colony. Indian J Cancer 2008;45(4):149–53. doi:10.4103/0019-509x.44662. PubMed PMID: 19112202. ## 14. Linsell L, Forbes LJL, Burgess C, Kapari M, Thurnham A, Ramirez AJ. Validation of a measurement tool to assess awareness of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(8):1374–81. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.02.034. PubMed PMID: 20335018. ## 15. Liu N, Li P, Wang J, Chen DD, Sun WJ, Guo PP, et al. Psychometric properties of the Breast Cancer Awareness Measurement among Chinese women: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(3):1–7. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035911. ## 16. Pandey VK, Aggarwal P, Kakkar R. Modified BG prasad socio-economic classification, update - 2019. Indian J Community Heal. 2019;31(1):123–5. ## 17. Tripathi N, Kadam YR, Dhobale R V, Gore AD. Barriers for early detection of cancer amongst Indian rural women. South Asian J Cancer. 2014;3(2):122–7. doi: 10.4103/2278-330X.130449. PubMed PMID: 24818108; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4014643. ## 18. Trevethan R. Deconstructing and Assessing Knowledge and Awareness in Public Health Research. Front Public Health. 2017;5:194. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00194. PubMed PMID: 28824900; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5545880. ## 19. Gupta A, Shridhar K, Dhillon PK. A review of breast cancer awareness among women in India: Cancer literate or awareness deficit? Eur J Cancer. 2015;51(14):2058–66. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.07.008. PubMed PMID: 26232859; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4571924. ## 20. Sayed S, Moloo Z, Ngugi A, Allidina A, Ndumia R, Mutuiri A, et al. Breast Camps for awareness and early diagnosis of breast cancer in countries with limited resources: A multidisciplinary model from Kenya. Oncologist. 2016;21(9):1138–48. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist. PubMed PMID: 27401898; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5016070. ## 21. Paunikar AP, Khadilkar HA, Doibale MK, Kuril BM. Knowledge, attitude and practices of women towards breast cancer in the field practice area of urban health training centre, Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2017;4(10):3659. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.113653. PubMed PMID: 23919181; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3728854. ## 22. Kumar YS, Mishra G, Gupta S, Shastri S. Level of cancer awareness among women of low socioeconomic status in Mumbai slums. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(5):1295–8. PubMed PMID: 21875285. ## 23. Cockburn J, de Luise T, Hurley S f., de Luise T. Psychological consequences of screening mammography. J Med Screen. 1994;1(1):7–12. doi: 10.1177/096914139400100104. PubMed PMID: 8790480. ## 24. Ellman R, Angeli N, Christians A, Moss S, Chamberlain J, Maguire P. Psychiatric morbidity associated with screening for breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1989;60(5):781–4. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1989.359. PubMed PMID: 2803955; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2247323. ##
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Ameliorating Impact of Pilates Training on Anxiety and Body Mass Index in Menopausal Symptoms
Background: Menopausal symptoms severely affect a woman’s lifestyle and health. Lifestyle, including physical activity, is known to be an effective factor on the menopausal-associated symptoms. We conducted the present study to evaluate the effects of an eight-week Pilates training on menopausal-related symptoms, including somatic, psychological and sexual symptoms, body mass index (BMI), and anxiety as possible effective factors on menopausal symptoms. Methods: This was an experimental study conducted in the summer of 2020. The participants in this study were 27 postmenopausal women (aged 60-65, BMI: 24-30) who participated in the study voluntarily. They were randomly divided into two groups of control (n=12) and exercise (n=15). The subjects in the training group participated in Pilates training for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session lasted 75 minutes with progressive intensity. BMI was measured and the participants completed anxiety and depression questionnaires (HADS) and menopausal symptoms rating scale (MRS) before and after the exercises. We utilized paired t-test and analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) to analyze the data. Results: BMI (P=0.023), anxiety (p <0.001), physical score (p <0.001), psychological score (P=0.001), and the total (p <0.001) score of menopausal symptoms reduced significantly following Pilates training compared to the control group. No significant changes were observed in the sexual symptoms of menopause following Pilates training compared to the control group (P=0.60). Conclusion: An eight-week Pilates training reduced most of the postmenopausal symptoms (somatic, psychological, and total) as well as potentially aggravating menopausal symptoms, including anxiety and BMI
https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_47061_161277ce0f542f30908cbac25c728fa7.pdf
2020-10-01
46
53
10.30476/whb.2020.88198.1084
Exercise
Menopause
Body mass index
Anxiety
Postmenopause
Arezu
Farzaneh
arzfarz@gmail.com
1
Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Koushkie Jahromi
koushkie53@yahoo.com
2
Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohsen
Salesi
mhsnsls@gmail.com
3
Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Robabeh
Rostami
dr.mitrarostamiya@yahoo.com
4
Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Return of Menstruation among Exclusive Breastfeeding Women in Southwest Nigeria
Background: Women experience variations in postpartum amenorrhea, the length of which depends on the type of breastfeeding and women’s physiology. We conducted the present Study to assess the perception and pattern of resumption of menstruation, and identify the determinants of resumption of menstruation and proportion at risk of unplanned pregnancy among exclusive breastfeeding women. Methods: Study employed sequential explanatory mixed method research design and was conducted between September and November, 2019. We collected the quantitative data using a semi-structured questionnaire from 497 exclusive breastfeeding women selected through a two-stage sampling technique in Southwest Nigeria. In addition, Focus Group Discussion guide was utilized to conduct qualitative study. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS version 22 using appropriate statistic, and the level of significance was p Results: Our result revealed that 43.4% of women whose postpartum period begins in less than eight weeks were amenorrheic, 65.6% of women whose postpartum period occurs between the 8th and 16th week were also amenorrheic, 85.8% of women whose postpartum period begins between 17th and 24th week remained amenorrheic. 76% of the women studied relied on Lactational Amenorrhea for contraception. Age (P=0.001, OR=0.24, CI=0.10-0.50), parity (P=0.04, OR=0.55, CI=0.31-0.79), and postpartum length (P=0.002, OR=0.23, CI=0.18-0.75) remained significant determinants of the return of menstruation. Conclusion: A significant proportion of women studied perceived themselves to be at no risk of unplanned pregnancy which may ultimately influence timely postpartum contraceptive uptake. Advocacy should therefore focus on addressing effective contraception among this group of women
https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_47110_1d3657e25d337d023c5491e49d42020f.pdf
2020-10-01
54
65
10.30476/whb.2020.87836.1078
Menstruation
Exclusive
Breastfeeding
women
Southwest
Nigeria
Kolade Afolayan
Afolabi
doctorafolabi2@yahoo.com
1
Medical and Health Services, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adebukunola Olajumoke
Afolabi
bukieafolabi@yahoo.com
2
Clinical Nursing Services, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife. Osun State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
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