Shiraz University of Medical SciencesWomen’s Health Bulletin2345-51361220140701Resistance and Possibility: The Struggle to Preserve Normal Birth134517710.17795/whb-21001ENMary JosephineDonovan SharpeMidwifery Education Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, CanadaJournal Article19700101Nonehttps://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_45177_00c53d90e56254ec74590c4f4bdc4665.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesWomen’s Health Bulletin2345-51361220140701What do Victims of Physical Domestic Violence Have in Common? A Systematic Review of Evidence From Eastern Mediterranean Countries174518010.17795/whb-20155ENFarnoushDavoudiDepartment of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranMaryamRasoulianDepartment of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranMasoudAhmadzad AslDepartment of Psychiatry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR IranMarziehNojomiDepartment of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Context:</strong> This systematic review summarizes evidence that pertains to factors associated with physical domestic violence in Eastern Mediterranean region countries.
<strong>Evidence Acquisition:</strong> We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, ISI, PsycInfo, IMEMR, Ovid, Global health, Cochrane Library, IranMedex, SID, IranDoc, Science Direct, Elsevier, Proquest and Magiran with no language limits until August 1, 2013. A hand search included lists of references from papers and the evidence list from "The Islamic Republic of Iran National Agenda for Preventing Domestic Violence". We chose quantitative studies on ever- partnered, non-pregnant women from Eastern Mediterranean Region countries that referred to either predisposing or protective factors of physical domestic violence at the victims' level. Criteria based critical appraisal was performed by three reviewers.
<strong>Results:</strong> Younger age at the time of the study, younger age at the time of marriage, unemployment, frailty, history of exposure to domestic violence, and a positive attitude toward male dominance were among the risk factors. Higher level of education was reported to be a protective factor.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> Findings are consistent with most international evidences. Further investigations are needed to more comprehensively understand the remainder of the variables.https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_45180_45b38e904a693ecd1f1e897cdfcce67c.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesWomen’s Health Bulletin2345-51361220140601Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels With Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Women in Ramsar, Iran164517010.17795/whb-20124ENZamzamPaknahadFood Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR IranDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran0000-0002-1864-2576AzamAhmadi VasmehjaniDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR IranMohammad RezaMaracyDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> Epidemiological studies showed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with components of metabolic syndrome.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of the present study was to determine the association between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration and components of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adult women.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This study was comprised of 156 women aged ≥ 30 years with at least three of the five criteria of metabolic syndromes. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D) levels and components of the metabolic syndrome were determined. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to NCEP/ATP III criteria. The subjects were classified into three groups according to their serum concentration of 25 (OH)D.
<strong>Results:</strong> Mean of serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 20.5 ± 10.8 ng/mL with %54.5, 23.1% and 22.4% of subjects were deficient, insufficient and sufficient in vitamin D, respectively. After adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity, and ANCOVA, fasting blood sugar concentration was shown to be inversely associated with serum 25 (OH)D (P = 0.004). On the other hand HDL-C showed significant correlation across different groups of vitamin D status (P = 0.014). Waist Circumference had favorable changes, without any statistically significant correlation. Also no significant association was observed between other components of metabolic syndrome and 25 (OH)D in different groups.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> The components of metabolic syndrome are influenced by serum 25 (OH)D concentrations. The finding of this investigation revealed that FBS and HDL-C concentrations related to serum 25 (OH)D. Therefore, further longitudinal studies and randomized clinical trials are necessary to determine the possible role of vitamin D in prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_45170_bd9d783a51db21cb6d1472fcbbf96fdd.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesWomen’s Health Bulletin2345-51361220140701Comparison of the Effects of Matricaria chamomila (Chamomile) Extract and Mefenamic Acid on the Intensity of Mastalgia Associated With Premenstrual Syndrome154517810.17795/whb-20042ENFarangisSharifiDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, TehranMasoumehSimbarDepartment of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran0000000330079189FarazMojabDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranHamidAlavi MajdDepartment of Biostatics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> Mastalgia (breast pain) is a symptom that usually affects 70% of women at any given point during their life time.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aimed to compare the effects of chamomile extract and mefenamic acid (MA) on the intensity of Mastalgia associated with premenstrual syndrome (MAPMS).
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This study was a randomized double blind clinical trial carried out on 90 students living in dormitories at Kazerun Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran from September 2011 to March 2012. The participants filled in the daily forms for two consecutive months. Once the definitive diagnosis of MAPMS was made, the participants were divided into two groups of 45, each receiving either chamomile capsule 100 mg or MA 250 mg three times a day, for an interval beginning from the 21st day of menstrual cycle till the next onset. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in order to analyze data.
<strong>Results:</strong> A significant decrease (P < 0.0001) was found in average mastalgia between pre and post intervention after first and second cycles in those treated with chamomile Extract (10.5 ± 21.7 and 13.7 ± 20.4 percent) and among MA treated subjects (12.1 ± 624.7 and 13.8 ± 24 percent). There was no significant difference in MAPMS symptom in chamomile extract-treated and MA groups after first and second cycles (P > 0.05).
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chamomile reduces the severity of MAPMS during treatment. Consumption of chamomile seems to be similar to MA in relieving the intensity of MAPMS.https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_45178_b7c14843829c8061fb18420018053e40.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesWomen’s Health Bulletin2345-51361220140701Epidemiology, Causes and Outcome of Burns in Women From Southern Iran: 2009-2011154517910.17795/whb-20123ENZinatMohebbiDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranShahlaNajafiDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Hazrat-e-Zeinab Nursing and Midwifery, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, IR IranZahraMolazemDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranGitiSetoodehDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, Community Based Mental Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> Burns are among the most prevalent mortality causes in developing countries, particularly Iran. In addition to large treatment expenses, burn victims suffer from long-term physical and psychological injuries.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> This study intends to recognize the epidemiologic factors, causes and outcome of burns among hospitalized women in the Burn Wards of Ghotbeddin Hospital in Shiraz, Iran.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study carried out for a period of 2.5 years. The population consisted of all women hospitalized in the Burn Wards of Ghotbeddin Hospital from March 2009 until September 2011. Patients' information was entered in a checklist using old records and documents after which the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 15.
<strong>Results:</strong> A total of 619 women were hospitalized over a 2.5 year period due to burns. Their mean age was 25.78 ± 17 years with a range of 3 months to 103 years. Approximately half of the burns (45.4%) occurred at home, most of which (35.0%) occurred during the spring season. Kerosene was the most prevalent cause of burns (30.0%). Of these, 210 (33.92%) women were referred due to self-immolation; familial disputes were the main cause (46.6%) for these referrals. There were 232 (37.48%) cases whose deaths were attributed to burns and its complications during this period.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> Annually, many women have been admitted and treated in burn hospitals, which result in tremendous financial expenses, physical deformities, psychological disabilities and mortality. Therefore, public education of burn prevention measures seems to be necessary.https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_45179_679381760580e1083244e5497acef1b4.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesWomen’s Health Bulletin2345-51361220140701The Effect of Magnesium Oxide on Hyperphosphatemia in Female Hemodialysis Patients154518110.17795/whb-20048ENMaryamPakfetratDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shiraz Nephro Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranShokouhSharifpourShiraz Nephro Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranLeilaMalekmakanDepartment of Community Medicine, Shiraz Nephro Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranShahrokhEzzatzadegan JahromiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shiraz Nephro Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranJamshidRoozbehDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shiraz Nephro Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranAmirAslaniDepartment of Cardiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> Hyperphosphatemia is a common problem in hemodialysis patients for which various binders are used to control this problem.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aims to assess the effect of magnesium oxide on controlling serum phosphorus levels and evaluate its side effects.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> We studied 39 hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, trial and control. The trial group received magnesium oxide. Its dose was titrated according to weekly magnesium levels that were checked for 4 weeks. Phosphorous was also checked weekly in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15 software. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
<strong>Results:</strong> A total of 27 males and 12 females with a mean age 54.01 ± 17.20 years were divided into the trial (21 patients) and control (18 patients) groups. Serum phosphorous levels did not significantly decrease (P = 0.994). However the mean phosphorous level in females showed significant correlation with time, as a significant quadratic trend throughout time was observed (P = 0.001). A significant ascending trend in mean magnesium levels was observed in the trial group compared to the control group at the end of the study (P < 0.001).
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> Although magnesium oxide was well tolerated by the study patients and lacked serious complications, it could not decrease phosphorous levels. In order to better assess these results we recommend that larger, multicenter studies with longer follow up that uses other magnesium compounds be designed.https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_45181_79439f9e44704c21136b3bfaee94b75d.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesWomen’s Health Bulletin2345-51361220140701Sexual Function in Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis154518210.17795/whb-20098ENRaziyehMaasoumiBrain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IR IranMaryamMoridiMidwifery Group, Shahid Beheshti Nursing and Midwifery College-Rasht, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR IranFatemehFarhadiDepartment of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranZeinabMoshfeghiDepartment of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> Sexual function is one of the most important aspects of life affected by chronic disorders.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aims to investigate sexual function in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This case-control study was conducted on 50 women with rheumatoid arthritis as the case group and 50 healthy women as the control group in Hafez Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected by demographic and the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaires from June to August, 2013. Statistical analysis that included the chi square test, independent sample t-test, and linear regression were carried out using SPSS software (version 16).
<strong>Results:</strong> Two groups were matched according to age, educational level, occupation, menarche age, husband’s age, marital age, gravidity and menstrual cycle status (P > 0.05). Total score from the Female Sexual Function Index in the case group (15.9 ± 11.16) was significantly lower than control group (27.29 ± 5.67). Also, in all subscales, the score for sexual function (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain) in the case group was lower than the control group (P < 0.001). From patients’ perspective, fatigue, limitation of joint movement, vaginal dryness, and reduction of sexual desire affected their sexual function. Also, linear regression indicated a negative association between duration of disease and sexual dysfunction.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our findings show that rheumatoid arthritis adversely effects women’s sexual function. Thus, clinicians should pay attention to these patients regardless of symptom severity or treatment response.https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_45182_d492fee0f3c7ec7f199c4de2fc74598c.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesWomen’s Health Bulletin2345-51361220140701The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and the Prevalence of Elective Cesarean Section in Nulliparous Women in Niknafs Teaching Centre in Rafsanjan, Iran154518310.17795/whb-20044ENMajidDavariDepartment of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranMohammadrezaMaracyDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR IranZohrehGhorashiDepartment of Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IR IranMitraMokhtariTeaching and Therapeutics Centre, Niknafs Teaching Center, Rafsanjan, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> In the recent decades, the high rate of cesarean section is increased worldwide along with critical concerns about its primary benefits. Many researchers showed the positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of cesarean delivery. However, it seems that the prevalence of elective cesarean section is even rising in low socioeconomic classes.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the socioeconomic status and the prevalence of elective cesarean section in nulliparous women in Niknafs Teaching Centre, in Rafsanjan, Iran.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was comprised of 459 nulliparous women and was carried out in Niknafs Teaching Center, in Rafsanjan from August 2011 to April 2012. A valid questionnaire was completed during a brief interview with the subjects. It included the demographic, economic, and educational statuses of the subjects as well as information about the delivery types. The collected data was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests in SPSS version 16.
<strong>Results:</strong> Five socioeconomic groups were defined as very poor, poor, fair, good, and very good. Overall, 74% of the participants were placed in fair and lower groups. Significant relationships were observed between SES and primary elective cesarean delivery (P < 0.001) as well as the final rate of cesarean delivery (P = 0.02). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the reason for cesarean delivery and SES of the mothers.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> The improvement of the SES has a linear relationship with demand for cesarean delivery. But elective cesarean section is notably high in Iran even in lower socioeconomic classes. This could verify that socioeconomic factors are not the only reason for the high prevalence of cesarean delivery in Iran and that other factors are in fact responsible for this level of performance.https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_45183_8ee8f2140bde433dfd838af64d9a8751.pdf