The Effect of Unripened Coconut Water on Reducing Hypertension in Pregnant Women

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Midwifery, Jambi Health Polytechnic, Jambi, Indonesia

2 Department of Midwifery, Banjarmasin Health Polytechnic, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

3 Department of Midwifery, Medan Health Polytechnic, Medan, Indonesia

4 Department of Midwifery, Kuala Tungkal 1 Health Center, Jambi, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension in pregnant women increases the risk of serious complications, including preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal health issues. The present study explored the potential of unripened coconut water as a natural intervention to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant women.
Methods: A pretest-posttest experimental design was used among 91 pregnant women with systolic blood pressure ≥135 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥85 mmHg. The study took place in the coverage area of Kuala Tungkal I Health Center, Indonesia from November 2022 to June 2023. The study participants consumed young coconut water daily over 7 days. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention using a digital sphygmomanometer. Data analysis was conducted using paired t-tests to evaluate changes in systolic and diastolic pressures.
Results: A statistically significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures was observed. The average systolic reading declined from 134.98 mmHg (SD±24.97) to 125.24 mmHg (SD±22.42), with a mean difference of 9.74 mmHg (95% CI: 6.42–13.05; P<0.001). Diastolic pressure decreased from 86.84 mmHg (SD±14.43) to 82.16 mmHg (SD±13.31), showing a mean reduction of 4.68 mmHg (95% CI: 2.69–6.67; P<0.001).
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that daily consumption of young coconut water for seven days can significantly reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. The average systolic pressure decreased from 134.98 mmHg to 125.24 mmHg, and the diastolic pressure dropped from 86.84 mmHg to 82.16 mmHg.

Highlights

Yuli Suryanti: (Google Scholar)

Pauline Kusmaryati: (Google Scholar)

 

How to Cite: Suryanti Y, Murtiyarini I, Kusmaryati P, Zakiah Z, Wahyuni TS, Sianturi AF. The Effect of Unripened Coconut Water on Reducing Hypertension in Pregnant Women. Women. Health. Bull. 2025;12(3):231-238. doi: 10.30476/whb.2025.105476.1334.

Keywords

References

  1. Airaodion AI, Ekenjoku JA, Megwas AU, Ngwogu KO, Ngwogu AC. Antihypertensive potential of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water in Wistar rats. Asian Journal of Research in Cardiovascular Diseaseshttps. 2019;1(1):1-8. ##
  2. World Health Organization. Maternal mortality; 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality. ##
  3. World Health Organization. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA/Population Division; 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240068759. ##
  4. Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller AB, Daniels J, et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(6):e323-e333. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X. PubMed PMID: 25103301. ##
  5. Syairaji M, Nurdiati DS, Wiratama BS, Prüst ZD, Bloemenkamp KWM, Verschueren KJC. Trends and causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024;24(1):515. doi: 1186/s12884-024-06687-6. PubMed PMID: 39080562; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11290122. ##
  6. O’Brien E, Atkins N, Stergiou G, Karpettas N, Parati G, Asmar R, et al. European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010 for the validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults. Blood Press Monit. 2010;15(1):23-38. doi:1097/MBP.0b013e3283360e98. PubMed PMID: 20110786. ##
  7. Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, Davis M, McInnes GT, Potter JF, et al. British Hypertension Society guidelines for hypertension management 2004 (BHS-IV): summary. BMJ. 2004;328(7440):634-40. doi:1136/bmj.328.7440.634. PubMed PMID: 15016698; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC381142. ##
  8. Ferreira Jr PD, Simoes Sr JA, Velho Sr DC. Adherence to Antihypertensive Therapy and Its Determinants: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2024;16(5):e59532. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59532. PubMed PMID: 38826951; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11144025. ##
  9. Li W, Liu L, Puente JG, Li Y, Jiang X, Jin S, et al. Hypertension and health-related quality of life: an epidemiological study in patients attending hospital clinics in China. J Hypertens. 2005;23(9):1667-76. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000174971.64589.39. PubMed PMID: 16093911. ##
  10. Alisherovna KM, Tatlibayevich YS. Assessment Of Risk Factors For Arterial Hypertension Hypertension In Pregnant Women. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science. 2021;2(3):214-217. ##
  11. Corrigan L, O’Farrell A, Moran P, Daly D. Hypertension in pregnancy: Prevalence, risk factors and outcomes for women birthing in Ireland. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2021;24:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.02.005. PubMed PMID: 33618054. ##
  12. Li F, Qin J, Zhang S, Chen L. Prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2021;24:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.02.001. PubMed PMID: 33626437. ##
  13. Rethinam P, Krishnakumar V. Health benefits of coconut water. In Rethinam P, Krishnakumar V. Coconut water: a promising natural health drink-distribution, processing and nutritional benefits. London: Springer; 2022. p. 385-455. ##
  14. Supriadi D, Roslianti E, Susanto RP. Giving of Non-Pharmacological Therapy of Young Coconut Water (Cocos Nucifera L.) to Hypertension Patients. JURNAL VNUS (Vocational Nursing Sciences). 2021;3(1):14-21. doi: 52221/jvnus.v3i1.247. ##
  15. Alleyne T, Roache S, Thomas C, Shirley A. The control of hypertension by use of coconut water and mauby: two tropical food drinks. West Indian Med J. 2005;54(1):3-8. doi: 10.1590/s0043-31442005000100002. PubMed PMID: 15892382. ##
  16. Faozi E, Fadlilah S, Syukur BA, Susanto R. Effectiveness Of Coconut Water Consumption On Blood Pressure. Jurnal Keperawatan Respati Yogyakarta. 2022;9(1):44. doi: 10.35842/jkry.v9i1.639. ##
  17. Zulaikhah ST. Health benefits of tender coconut water (TCW). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2019;10(2):474-480. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(2).474-8. ##
  18. Wei J, Zhao M, Meng K, Xia G, Pan Y, Li C, et al. The Diuretic Effects of Coconut Water by Suppressing Aquaporin and Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System in Saline-Loaded Rats. Front Nutr. 2022;9:930506. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.930506. PubMed PMID: 35811978; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9262403. ##
  19. Sari R, Purwono J. Pengaruh Air Kelapa Muda Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal Wacana Kesehatan. 2022;7(1):47-54. doi: 10.52822/jwk.v7i1.397. ##
  20. Munthe NBG, Siregar GFG, Wulandari R, Sembiring IM, Lubis B. Pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa Muda Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Tinggi Pada Ibu Hamil. Jurnal Kesmas dan Gizi. 2021;4(1):58-64. doi: 35451/jkg.v4i1.848. Indonesian. ##
  21. Awaluddin, Pristika A. The Effect of Young Coconut Water on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients. J Pak Med Assoc. 2024;74(5 (Supple-5)):S51-S54. doi: 47391/JPMA.Ind-RInC-14. PubMed PMID: 39221800. ##
  22. Filippini T, Violi F, D’Amico R, Vinceti M. The effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2017;230:127-135. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.048. PubMed PMID: 28024910. ##
  23. Binia A, Jaeger J, Hu Y, Singh A, Zimmermann D. Daily potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio in the reduction of blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2015;33(8):1509-20. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000611. PubMed PMID: 26039623. ##
  24. Prameswari S, Herdiani I, Solihatin Y, Badrudin U, Nurlina F. The Effect of Giving Young Coconut Water on Reducing Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients in the Working Area of Urug Public Health Center, Tasikmalaya City. HealthCare Nursing Journal. 2024;6(2):320-325. doi: 10.35568/healthcare.v6i2.5104. Indonesian. ##
  25. Hinkosa L, Tamene A, Gebeyehu N. Risk factors associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Nekemte referral hospital, from July 2015 to June 2017, Ethiopia: case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2693-9. PubMed PMID: 31906884; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6945641. ##
  26. Mou AD, Barman Z, Hasan M, Miah R, Hafsa JM, Das Trisha A, et al. Prevalence of preeclampsia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):21339. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00839-w. PubMed PMID: 34716385; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8556297. ##
  27. Agrawal A, Wenger NK. Hypertension during pregnancy. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020;22(9):64. doi: 10.1007/s11906-020-01070-0. ##
  28. Battarbee AN, Sinkey RG, Harper LM, Oparil S, Tita ATN. Chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(6):532-541. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1243. PubMed PMID: 31715148. ##
Women’s Health Bulletin
Volume 12, Issue 4 - Serial Number 47
October 2025
Pages 231-238

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics