Review Article
Mary V. Seeman
Abstract
Context: Mental health professionals interact with substantial numbers of parents, mainly mothers, who suffer from severe mental disorders and who are treated, acutely or chronically, with antipsychotic medication. The behavior of these clients is affected by their primary illness but also by many other ...
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Context: Mental health professionals interact with substantial numbers of parents, mainly mothers, who suffer from severe mental disorders and who are treated, acutely or chronically, with antipsychotic medication. The behavior of these clients is affected by their primary illness but also by many other factors, including their drug regimen. The treating team, however, does not always recognize that a drug can profoundly impact cognition and behavior. The aim of this paper is to inform non-medical mental health workers how antipsychotic medication (AP) can influence client cognition and behavior, and thereby impact the safety of the client’s children. Indirectly, APs can also affect the immediate and longer-term behavior of the children.
Evidence Acquisition: This article qualitatively reviews the very sparse literature on antipsychotic effects on cognition and behavior in populations of mentally ill mothers of young children. This narrative review includes case illustrations taken from a clinic for women with psychotic disorders. Also included are references to studies of rodent maternal behavior, as influenced by antipsychotic drugs.
Results: Animal studies have shown that maternal behavior in rodents is impaired by antipsychotic drugs. In humans, drug effects such as sedation, dizziness, indicated thinking, tardive dyskinesia, increased appetite, and sleepwalking, as well as client beliefs about and attitudes toward their drugs, can affect their problem solving, decision-making, and behavior and, thus, play a critical role in child custody determinations. Behavior induced by drugs includes issues of tolerance, withdrawal, and sensitization. Importantly, there are major safety concerns related to APs.
Conclusions: Listening attentively when clients speak about their drugs and understanding potential drug effects help mental health professionals increase their therapeutic efficacy and make sound decisions about clients and their children.
Research Article
Fatemeh Ghodrati; Narjes Saadatmand; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Substance abuse results in multiple complications for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy.
Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the frequency of mothers’ addiction in legal abortion with fetal causes in Fars forensic centers.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical ...
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Background: Substance abuse results in multiple complications for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy.
Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the frequency of mothers’ addiction in legal abortion with fetal causes in Fars forensic centers.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study with a sample size of 1664. The data including demographic characteristics, obstetric variables, and causes of fetal abortion were recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS16, using analysis of the mean, median, and chi square test.
Results: The rate of addiction was reported to be 40.7% in the study population. This study estimated the prevalence of cigarette smoking, drugs, alcohol and other chemical substances as 31.9%, 5.9%, and 2.9%, respectively. Mother addiction had a significant association with maternal age (P ≤ 0/001). Mothers of babies with genetic defects smoked cigarette (63.7%), used narcotics (64.8%), and alcohol and other drugs (63.9%).
Conclusions: Cigarette was the most common addiction in mothers. Thus, promoting mothers’ awareness and knowledge should be an educational priority.
Research Article
Shirin Shahbazi; Lida Moghaddam-Banaem
Abstract
Background: Postpartum pyrexia results from various causes with bacterial infection heading the list. However, there are many other possible causes such as bleeding. Congenital deficiency of the coagulation factors causes inherited coagulopathies most of which are rare. Following delivery, the reduction ...
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Background: Postpartum pyrexia results from various causes with bacterial infection heading the list. However, there are many other possible causes such as bleeding. Congenital deficiency of the coagulation factors causes inherited coagulopathies most of which are rare. Following delivery, the reduction in coagulation factors puts these mothers at greater risk of postpartum excessive bleeding.
Objectives: We aimed to assess postpartum pyrexia in bleeding disorder mothers.
Methods: This study was conducted on 98 bleeding disorder patients and 199 controls. Using a standardized questionnaire, the data were collected by consulting a specialist. The subject`s medical records during pregnancy and labor were also reviewed. Postpartum fever was defined as temperature > 38°C in the first 10 days after delivery excluding the first day. The data were analyzed using Chi-square statistical analysis and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Postpartum pyrexia was detected in 11.2% of the patients compared to 4% of the controls. The statistical analysis revealed a significantly higher incidence of postpartum fever among the coagulation disorder patients (P = 0.019). Considering the infection, our data showed that in the patient group, fever was mostly due to (unknown) reasons other than infection.
Conclusions: Our results revealed that besides hemorrhagic complications in inherited bleeding disorders, postpartum fever could also be a sign of threat. Early identification and diagnosis of these threats greatly improve the childbirth outcomes in high-risk mothers.
Research Article
Shiva Rafatie; Maryam Rabiee; Shabnam Golmohammadie; Shahrzad Hadavand
Abstract
Background: Work related factors have been suggested to adversely impact outcomes of pregnancy. The aims of this study were to compare neonatal birth weight in employed and non-employed women and to investigate the relation of 5 common occupational factors including working hours, shift work, standing, ...
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Background: Work related factors have been suggested to adversely impact outcomes of pregnancy. The aims of this study were to compare neonatal birth weight in employed and non-employed women and to investigate the relation of 5 common occupational factors including working hours, shift work, standing, bending forward, and physical workload intensity to neonatal birth weight.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 370 pregnant women, 185 employed and 185 non-employed. Information were collected about working conditions including working hours, shift work, standing, walking, bending, squatting, physical workload intensity, socio - demographic characteristic, as well as obstetric history of each patient by interview. Association between maternal occupational activity and neonatal birth weight was adjusted for medical and obstetric, occupational details were studied using logistic regression analysis.
Results: The mean birth weight in employed and non-employed women were 3052 ± 359.3, 3236.3 ± 377.2, respectively, which had a meaningful difference (P = 0.001). The mean of birth weight in employed women had a significant correlation with shift work (P = 0.0001), working hours per week (P = 0.001), and heavy a work load (P = 0.0001). After using linear multivariate regression, this study showed that employment and preterm delivery had the most significant effects on low birth weight.
Conclusions: Neonatal birth weight in employed women is less than non-employed women. Therefore, careful prenatal visits to monitor growth of fetus and adjustment of working hours will be suggested.
Research Article
Sara Mozafari; Isaac Rahimian Boogar; Siavash Talepasand; Farahnaz Ghahreman Fard
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer as a chronic disease is associated with many physical and psychological problems that necessitate the use of psychological treatments.
Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of meaning-centered psychotherapy on existential anxiety and fear of cancer recurrence ...
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Background: Breast cancer as a chronic disease is associated with many physical and psychological problems that necessitate the use of psychological treatments.
Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of meaning-centered psychotherapy on existential anxiety and fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors.
Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up along with a control group, 28 breast cancer survivors were selected by random sampling among patients that attended the Cancer and Hematology specialized clinic of Semnan University of Medical Sciences. The participants were randomly assigned to two intervention (group treatment, n = 7; individual treatment, n = 7) and one control group (n = 14). Data were collected by existential anxiety scale (EAS) and fear of cancer recurrence inventory (FCRI) and analyzed with the repeated multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the SPSS-23 software.
Results: There were significant differences between the experimental groups and the control group on existential anxiety and fear of cancer recurrence (P < 0.001) in breast cancer survivors. Group and individual interventions reduced existential anxiety and fear of cancer recurrence in post-test and follow up in experimental groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The interaction of the groups and time assessment was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Meaning-centered psychotherapy reduces existential anxiety and fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors. This intervention is useful to recover psychological problems in breast cancer survivors.
Research Article
Azadeh Amiri; Giti Setoodeh; Seyyede Fatemeh Sajjadi
Abstract
Background: Job stress is a psycho-social stress that is created as a result of harsh working conditions and effects individuals’ performance and physical and mental health. In fact, many mental and psychological health problems are directly related to job stress. Stress at the workplace could ...
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Background: Job stress is a psycho-social stress that is created as a result of harsh working conditions and effects individuals’ performance and physical and mental health. In fact, many mental and psychological health problems are directly related to job stress. Stress at the workplace could even create disabilities in some cases. The nature of work at hospitals, especially operating rooms, generates a lot of stress and tension for the staff. Objectives : This study aimed at evaluating the effect of stress management on stress of operating room personnel, working at hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: In this randomized controlled interventional study, 201 females were selected from 463 operating room nurses, who worked in educational hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, using block randomization and their basic job stress scores were measured. Then, from 87 nurses with job stress mean scores of > 150, 60 were selected using the table of random numbers and were divided into 2 groups of 30, using the RA software. The intervention group participated in 5 sessions of stress management training program, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Job stress score was evaluated in the 2 groups, two months after the intervention. The data were collected using demographic information and the Osipow job stress questionnaires. The data were then entered in the SPSS statistical software, version 18 and analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods (chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test). P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of underlying variables (P > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups regarding the mean score of total job stress before the intervention (P =0.96). However, significant differences were observed between the 2 groups concerning the dimensions of job stress, including incompetence of the role (0<0.001), duality of the role (0<0.001), responsibility (0<0.001), and range of the role (0 < 0.001).
Conclusions: This study indicated that stress management training could reduce job stress among female nurses working in operating rooms. Therefore, stress management training in administrative, clinical, and educational areas seems to be necessary for operating room nurses.
Letter to Editor
Viroj Wiwanitkit
