Tayebeh Baniasadi; Sheida Ranjbari; Sedigheh Khajeaflatoon Mofrad; Saeed Ghorbani
Abstract
Background: Mental health is a common concern in old age. Given the increase of aging population, it is crucial to pay attention to factors influencing elderly people’s mental health. This research investigated the correlations between social support and physical activity (PA) with depression and ...
Read More
Background: Mental health is a common concern in old age. Given the increase of aging population, it is crucial to pay attention to factors influencing elderly people’s mental health. This research investigated the correlations between social support and physical activity (PA) with depression and happiness in older women with memory impairment.Methods: A descriptive-correlational approach was used in this study. The statistical population consisted of all elderly women (over 65 years old) residing in Golestan province, Iran, between February 2022 and June 2022. The sample included 384 women with mild dementia who were selected through purposive sampling. Research variables were measured using standard instruments. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation test and regression analysis in SPSS version 26.Results: The mean and standard deviation of social support, PA, depression, and happiness were 37.59±11.09, 1.06±1.17, 7.29±2.55, and 42.73±10.64, respectively. Regression analysis results demonstrated a negative and significant association between social support and depression (35.1%), while it showed a positive and significant association with happiness (16.5%). Furthermore, PA exhibited a negative and significant association with depression (40.9%) and a positive and significant association with joy (30.4%).Conclusions: The findings of this study can contribute to the development of more effective health and physical education programs targeting elderly individuals with memory impairment to improve their mental health.
Mohammad Hossein Pourfereydoun; Zahra Dasht Bozorgi
Abstract
Background: Mastectomy damages self-concept and sexual identity and also increases the risk of depression due to changes in the physical appearance of patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) on psychological distress and self-compassion ...
Read More
Background: Mastectomy damages self-concept and sexual identity and also increases the risk of depression due to changes in the physical appearance of patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) on psychological distress and self-compassion in mastectomized women with depression.Methods: The research was a quasi-experimental study based on a pretest-posttest design with control and experimental groups. The study population consisted of mastectomized women with depression who visited counseling and psychological services centers and clinics in 2021, of whom 40 patients were selected through purposive sampling. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of 20 members using a table of random numbers. Participants in the experimental group attended ten 90-minute sessions of CRT (two sessions per week). The research instruments included the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS version 19.Results: The findings indicated that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the pretest in terms of psychological distress and self-compassion. The mean±SD of psychological distress in the posttest of the CRT group was 15.26±3.43, which was significantly different from the control group (19.26±3.65) (P<0.001). The mean±SD of self-compassion in the experimental and control groups were 79.13±7.38 and 71.67±8.39, respectively, which was statistically significant (P=0.005). In other words, CRT significantly reduced psychological distress and increased self-compassion in mastectomized women with depression (P<0.001).Conclusion: The study findings suggested the effectiveness of CRT in reducing psychological distress and increasing the selfcompassion of mastectomized women with depression. Therapists and health professionals are hence recommended to apply CRT, along with other interventions and therapies, to reduce psychological distress and increase the self-compassion of such patients.
Sedigheh Sakkaki; Farah Naderi; Fariba Hafezi
Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of cervical cancer significantly affects the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of women. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and experiential avoidance (EA) with HRQOL, mediated by depression in women with cervical cancer.Methods: ...
Read More
Background: The diagnosis of cervical cancer significantly affects the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of women. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and experiential avoidance (EA) with HRQOL, mediated by depression in women with cervical cancer.Methods: This descriptive-correlational study selected 261 cervical cancer cases in Mashhad, Iran in 2021, using purposive sampling from October 10, 2021 to December 24, 2021. The research tools include the SF-36 Questionnaire, the Chalder Fatigue Scale, the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling in SPSS version 27 and AMOS version 24.Results: The results indicated that all direct paths, with the exception of CFS, significantly correlated with HRQOL (P<0.001). Depression mediated the significant indirect paths of CFS to HRQOL and the significant relationship between EA and HRQOL (P<0.001).Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that CFS and EA were negatively related to HRQOL in women with cervical cancer. Moreover, depression mediated the relationship of CFS and EA with HRQOL.
Mahta Farzadkia; Abdolhassan Farhangi; Shahnam Abolghasemi
Abstract
Background: Patients with Fibromyalgia, in addition to widespread pain, often complain of fatigue, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy ...
Read More
Background: Patients with Fibromyalgia, in addition to widespread pain, often complain of fatigue, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on intolerance of uncertainty and depression in women with Fibromyalgia.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control design and a three-month follow-up. The study population included all women with Fibromyalgia visiting the rheumatology clinic at Hazrat-e Rasool-e Akram Hospital, in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. A total of 36 patients were recruited using purposive sampling and assigned to three groups, two experimental groups and one control group (n=12 patients in each group). The experimental groups 1 and 2 received mindfulnessbased stress reduction therapy and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy, respectively, in eight 120-minute sessions (one session every week). Meanwhile, the control group did not receive psychotherapy intervention during this period. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used for data collection. The repeated measures ANOVA were used for analyzing the data in SPSS version 25. The significance level of the research was set at α=0.05.Results: The results indicated that both mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy effectively reduced intolerance of uncertainty and depression in Fibromyalgia patients (P<0.001). However, intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy proved to be significantly more effective than mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy; this difference was observed through the follow-up period (P<0.001).Conclusion: Mindfulness-based stress reduction and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy were effective and practical methods for reducing intolerance of uncertainty and depression. It could be therefore recommended that psychotherapists and counselors employ these approaches in order to reduce depression and intolerance of uncertainty in women with Fibromyalgia.
Parvaneh Bahmani Makvandzadeh; Amin Koraei; Seyedeh Zahra Alavi; Seyed Esmaeil Hashemi
Abstract
Background: Depression could negatively impact the mood, behavior, attitude, and efficiency of women and massively harm family performance. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of the self-esteem in the association of attachment behaviors with depression and marital quality in women ...
Read More
Background: Depression could negatively impact the mood, behavior, attitude, and efficiency of women and massively harm family performance. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of the self-esteem in the association of attachment behaviors with depression and marital quality in women in Ahvaz, Iran.Methods: The study was descriptive-correlational estimated through structural equation modeling. The statistical population was made up of married women with at least high school education in Ahvaz, Iran in 2021. Convenience sampling was used to choose 340 individuals. The instruments included the Quality Marriage Index (QMI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI- 13), the Brief Accessibility, Responsiveness, and Engagement (BARE) Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). A path analysis approach was adopted to evaluate the proposed model and the indirect relationships were examined through bootstrapping in AMOS version 24.Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of depression, marital quality, and self-esteem were 5.78±2.86, 28.58±6.48, and 7.22±2.93, respectively. Depression was negatively correlated with marital quality (r=-0.78) and self-esteem (r=-0.72) in women. The direct paths from attachment behaviors to self-esteem (P<0.001) and from self-esteem to depression (β=-0.53, P<0.001) and marital quality (β=0.18, P<0.001) were significant. The indirect paths from attachment behaviors to depression and marital quality through self-esteem were also significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: The suggested model suited the data well. The relationship between attachment behaviors, depression, and marital quality in women was mediated by self-esteem. Workshops on boosting self-esteem and outlining its advantageous effects on women’s mental health are advised.
Mehrdad Ghanbarpoor Ganjari; Sana Nourimoghadam
Abstract
Background: Fertility phenomenon holds great importance in almost all cultures; therefore, failures in this matter can turn into a harmful sensation. This study aimed to study the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety, depression, and stress in women with frequent miscarriage records.Methods: ...
Read More
Background: Fertility phenomenon holds great importance in almost all cultures; therefore, failures in this matter can turn into a harmful sensation. This study aimed to study the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety, depression, and stress in women with frequent miscarriage records.Methods: The research design of this study was quasi-experimental, including post-test and pre-test types with experiment and control groups. The population of this study consisted of all applicants from Alzahra hospital of Rasht, Iran with frequent miscarriage records in summer 2019. The research sample size comprised 30 women who were chosen through convenience method sampling and were randomly assigned into two groups of control group (15 participants) and experiment group (15 participants). Eight sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy were performed on the experiment group. Lovibond and Lovibond’s (1995) scale of depression, anxiety, and stress was applied to collect the data. To analyze the data, one-way ANCOVA was used.Result: Results revealed that acceptance and commitment therapy was significantly reduced (P=0.001). The mean scores of anxiety (M=27.73±0.79), depression (M=26.73±1.22), and stress (M=27.06±0.59) in the experimental group as compared with control group that were anxiety (28.26±0.96), depression (28±0.75), and stress (28.13±0.83), respectively.Conclusion: The findings of present study indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy increased the psychological flexibility and led to committed action toward personal values. Therefore, this therapy is applicable for those women with frequent miscarriages to decrease their anxiety, depression, and stress levels.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Behnam Masmouei; Omid Soufi; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: One of the treatments for depression and anxiety which has significantly increased in recent years in most countries is drinking lavender and chamomile herbal tea. The current study aimed to compare the result of these two types of herbal drinks on anxiety and depression in the postmenopausal ...
Read More
Background: One of the treatments for depression and anxiety which has significantly increased in recent years in most countries is drinking lavender and chamomile herbal tea. The current study aimed to compare the result of these two types of herbal drinks on anxiety and depression in the postmenopausal women.Methods: The present study is a randomized clinical trial conducted in 2020. It was recorded with the code of IRCT20090304001742N6 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. The total sample size was 96 people. In the current study, the depression questionnaire (created by Beck) and anxiety questionnaire (created by Spielberger) were used to assess the contributors. Each intervention group received 2 g of dried lavender and chamomile leaves, which were cooked twice daily—once in the morning and once at night—in 300 ml of boiling water for 10 to 15 minutes—as part of the intervention. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, paired t-tests, and chi-square. Results: The average score of depression in the lavender tea group was reduced from 21.00±4.10 to 18.56±3.24 (P<0.001). In the group which consumed chamomile herbal tea, the average score of depression in the pre-intervention stage was 22.00±3.97, while after consuming chamomile herbal tea, it decreased to 18.31±3.05 (P<0.001). The mean score of depression among the groups that used lavender and the control group showed a significant difference. Although there was a non-significant difference between the average anxiety (state and trait) scores in the control group at the start and end of the study (P=0.058, P=0.083), there was a significant difference between the mean anxiety (state and trait) scores in the intervention groups before and after the intervention (P<0.001). Furthermore, the average score of depression between the group that used lavender and the control group displayed a significant difference (P=0.021).Conclusions: In general, drinking lavender or chamomile herbal tea could alleviate the level of anxiety and depression in postmenopausal women.
Christina Pavlov; Christine Limbers
Abstract
Background: The pandemic of Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has exposed working mothers to a disproportionate amount of stress. The present study aimed to examine the coping strategies associated with depression in this group during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Methods: ...
Read More
Background: The pandemic of Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has exposed working mothers to a disproportionate amount of stress. The present study aimed to examine the coping strategies associated with depression in this group during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Methods: The cross-sectional sample consisted of 192 working mothers from the United States (76% married, 70.3% white, mean age=33.4 years). The participants were recruited through a Qualtrics panel in April 2020 and completed the questionnaires of the Brief-COPE and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) online. The results from t-tests, ANOVAs, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical linear regression analyses were examined. Results: The coping styles of self-distraction (r=0.17, P=0.02), denial (r=0.32, p <0.001), substance abuse (r=0.39, p <0.001), instrumental support (r=0.22, P=0.002), behavioral disengagement (r=0.464, p <0.001), venting (r=0.44, p <0.001), planning (r=0.22, P=002), humor (r=0.26, p <0.001), and self-blame (r=0.57, p <0.001) were found to be significantly correlated with depression. The hierarchical linear regression revealed the followings: venting (B=0.561 and P=0.033) and self-blame (B=1.212 and p <0.001). Conclusion: These results, coupled with the elevated prevalence of depression in the sample, highlighted the importance of considering coping strategies when evaluating the depression-related risk factors in working mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Elnaz Abbasian; Mohsen Faizi; Asghar Mohammadmoradi; Abbas Erfanian Omidvar; Reza KhosrowAbadi
Abstract
Background: women have been exposed to growing symptoms of depression by urban life as well as endangering their mental health. Researches show that the effect of landscape components can be virtually seen in films and images. However, the main point is to rank the effectiveness of components in providing ...
Read More
Background: women have been exposed to growing symptoms of depression by urban life as well as endangering their mental health. Researches show that the effect of landscape components can be virtually seen in films and images. However, the main point is to rank the effectiveness of components in providing an appropriate virtual environment for women`s health. Tehran has gardens where effective components on mental health are hidden. These gardens are suitable samples for evaluating landscape architecture components from users’ views, especially women in virtual environment. Methods: This research introduced the effective components on mental health based on universal research. By determining these components in the gardens of Tehran, we assessed their effectiveness in six selected qualified spots of public gardens in Tehran with multimedia questionnaires in virtual space from 300 women who went to garden in three completely similar areas from 8 A.M to 12 A.M. The method of this research was set in the category of Structured Analysis research with Generalized Least Squares tested via by a software AMOS version 24. Results: A significant positive association existed between the details of the gardens and their direct impact on the reduction of depression symptoms (CR>0.7, RMSEA: 0.025, P=0.008, p <0.05). Geometry and color by potential effectiveness and sound, material, water and vegetation were considered effective in women`s reactions to reduce depression symptoms. Conclusion: Iranian gardens have the effective components based on health patterns. Pattern of public gardens in Tehran are shown as an appropriate icon to have an effect on mental health of women in virtual environment to reduce depression symptoms.
Mehrnoosh Babolhavaeji; Elaheh Khoshnevis; Sahar Jafarzadeh Rastin
Abstract
Background: Betrayal and marital infidelity are a kind of disorder and illness in behavior, which, due to its adverse effects, causes various injuries and problems for each person. This study aimed to determine the effect of training, based on cognitivebehavioral group therapy (CBGT), on depression and ...
Read More
Background: Betrayal and marital infidelity are a kind of disorder and illness in behavior, which, due to its adverse effects, causes various injuries and problems for each person. This study aimed to determine the effect of training, based on cognitivebehavioral group therapy (CBGT), on depression and coping styles of women exposed to infidelity of a spouse, of course, the marital infidelity did not continue. Methods: This research was quasi-experimental, including pretest-posttest and control group. The population consisted of all women seeking psychological services due to the infidelity of their husbands during the second half of the Iranian year (from late September to late March) in 2017. Twenty two volunteers who met the requirements of the study were selected and randomly divided into two groups, experimental group (11 patients) and control group (11 patients). The experimental group participated in the 8th sessions (once a week, for 90 minutes) of CBGT. Subjects in both groups were asked to take a pre-test and post-test, responding to Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 13. To analyze the data, the descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance test were used. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of depression (54.10±5.3) and coping styles in the experimental group comparing with the post-test (p <0.001). The mean of problem-focused coping (09.58±35.7) of the experimental group increased in the post-test compared with the pre-test and the mean of the experimental group’s avoidance coping (90.48±88.4) and emotion-focused coping (25.41±59.11) decreased in the post-test compared with the pre-test. Thus, CBGT reduces depression and the use of ineffective coping styles (emotional and avoidance-coping styles), as well as, increasing the use of effective coping style (problem-focused coping style) in women after the marital infidelity of their spouses. It can be concluded that the implementation of CBGT has affected women after the marital infidelity of the spouse, which was 0.61 and created by an independent variable intervention. Also, the statistical power was 0.99. Conclusions: According to the results, it can be concluded that training, which is based on CBGT can improve depression and coping styles in women who exposed to infidelity of a spouse. It is suggested that counselors and psychologists use CBGT in dealing with women after the marital infidelity of their spouses. This way can help reduce their depression, behavioral abnormalities, and also improve coping styles.
Roksana Janghorban; Najmeh Maharlouei
Fereshteh Baezzat; Mohammadtaghi Mirmostafaee; Abbas Akbari; Roya Abbasi-Asl
Abstract
Background: In modern societies, nurses’ issues and investigation of their problems has found a vital importance. Objectives : The present study investigated the mediating role of hospital stress and anxiety in relationship between psychological capital and depression in women nurses.
Methods: ...
Read More
Background: In modern societies, nurses’ issues and investigation of their problems has found a vital importance. Objectives : The present study investigated the mediating role of hospital stress and anxiety in relationship between psychological capital and depression in women nurses.
Methods: This research was a correlational study. Data was analyzed by the path analyze method and by using Amos (v. 22). Participants included 178 nurses (females) in hospitals from Borujerd city, Lorestan Province, that were selected by the accidental sampling method. Participants completed the hospital stress scale, psychological capital scale, as well as they negative emotions scale. To examine reliability of measures, cronbach coefficient, and to determine validity, internal consistency was used. The results showed an acceptable reliability and validity of the instruments.
Results: Results showed that: (1) the variables of self-efficacy (β = -0.041, P = 0.007), resilience (β = -0.071, P = 0.008), hope (β = -0.067, P = 0.004), and optimism (β = -0.087, P= 0.003), had a negative and indirect effect on depression; (2) the variables of self-efficacy (β = -0.025, P = 0.014), resilience (β = -0.155, P= 0.006), hope (β = -0.040, P = 0.007), and optimism (β = -0.245, P = 0.006), had a negative and indirect effect on anxiety; (3) hospital stress (β = 0.175, P = 0.006) had a positive and indirect effect on depression.
Conclusions: According to these results, increasing of dimensions of psychological capital leads to reduction of hospital stress, anxiety, and depression in female nurses.
Mostafa Chashmposh; Saeed Shirali; Esmaeel Ebrahimi; Alireza Barari
Abstract
Context: Menopause is characterized by amenorrhea and increase in the level of Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) due to the permanent cessation of ovarian function. This process causes changes in hormonal and other serum markers. Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disabilities in women.
Objectives: ...
Read More
Context: Menopause is characterized by amenorrhea and increase in the level of Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) due to the permanent cessation of ovarian function. This process causes changes in hormonal and other serum markers. Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disabilities in women.
Objectives: The aim of this review was to investigate the correlation between hormonal and petrochemical changes and depression with menopausal status.
Data Sources: We searched in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus, Embase, the reference lists of all related studies and major relevant review articles from 1960 to October 2014, and also abstracts from associated congresses and meetings, using terms related to hormonal and serum markers, depression and its symptoms.
Study Selection: The survey included prospective, retrospective and case-control studies. The selected studies explored menopause in study population and investigated variables and different markers in depression or anxiety, as well as those measuring depression or anxiety intensity.
Data Extraction: Items for which data were extracted included the date and place of publication, study design, sources, human species, age, control groups, selection and appraisal methods, outcome measurement tools, and author’s conclusions. One investigator (Mostafa Chashmposh) collected the relevant reports, whereas two other authors independently reviewed the published data and reported different hormonal markers related to depression as evaluated by different studies. Disagreements were resolved by the fourth reviewer’s decision.
Results: The period of menopause is mostly associated with a gradual decline of estrogen activity and increased secretion of nocturnal melatonin. During menopausal transition, overnight cortisol levels were associated with changes in estrone glucuronide, testosterone, and FSH levels. In addition, whole blood serotonin concentration is reduced during menopause. Furthermore, lipid markers including total and LDL cholesterol levels increase during perimenopause. Moreover, plasma Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) concentration decreases significantly in postmenopausal period. Based on different studies, the reduction of hormones including estrogen, serotonin and BDNF during menopause are associated with depression in women. Further studies documented the relationship between depressed mood symptoms and cortisol levels.
Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that transition to menopause and its changing hormonal and other serum markers are strongly associated with depressed mood among women.
