Negar Darvish; Negin Hadi
Abstract
Background: The relationship between nutritional pattern and non-communicable diseases such as coronary artery diseases, diabetes, and obesity has already been established.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional pattern and education level of rural women ...
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Background: The relationship between nutritional pattern and non-communicable diseases such as coronary artery diseases, diabetes, and obesity has already been established.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional pattern and education level of rural women in Iran.
Materials and Methods: The present research was conducted on 209 randomly selected women who consented to take part in the study, and lived in kaftarak area of Shiraz during the past year. A questionnaire used in the study was prepared in collaboration with all residents of the department Community Medicine of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Chi-square and t-tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Among participants, 45% were in the low educated group and 55% were literate. According to our findings, the participants used five major groups of food in appropriate amounts. Of these, 49% consumed fruits, 54.3%, vegetables, 69.5% protein, 57.6%, dairy products, and 5.7% bread and cereals. Our study showed a significant relationship between education level of the participants and the appropriate consumption of fruits, vegetables, protein and dairy products. However, there was no significant association between education level and consumption of fat and carbohydrates. The participants became overweight or obese when deriving most of their calories from carbohydrates. The mean BMI of the subjects was 26.68 ± 5.8 which was consistent with their inappropriate use of fats and carbohydrates.
Conclusions: The women in rural areas became prone to overweight and obesity by inappropriate consumption of some foods.
Majid Davari; Mohammadreza Maracy; Zohreh Ghorashi; Mitra Mokhtari
Abstract
Background: In the recent decades, the high rate of cesarean section is increased worldwide along with critical concerns about its primary benefits. Many researchers showed the positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of cesarean delivery. However, it seems that the ...
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Background: In the recent decades, the high rate of cesarean section is increased worldwide along with critical concerns about its primary benefits. Many researchers showed the positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of cesarean delivery. However, it seems that the prevalence of elective cesarean section is even rising in low socioeconomic classes.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the socioeconomic status and the prevalence of elective cesarean section in nulliparous women in Niknafs Teaching Centre, in Rafsanjan, Iran.
Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 459 nulliparous women and was carried out in Niknafs Teaching Center, in Rafsanjan from August 2011 to April 2012. A valid questionnaire was completed during a brief interview with the subjects. It included the demographic, economic, and educational statuses of the subjects as well as information about the delivery types. The collected data was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests in SPSS version 16.
Results: Five socioeconomic groups were defined as very poor, poor, fair, good, and very good. Overall, 74% of the participants were placed in fair and lower groups. Significant relationships were observed between SES and primary elective cesarean delivery (P < 0.001) as well as the final rate of cesarean delivery (P = 0.02). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the reason for cesarean delivery and SES of the mothers.
Conclusions: The improvement of the SES has a linear relationship with demand for cesarean delivery. But elective cesarean section is notably high in Iran even in lower socioeconomic classes. This could verify that socioeconomic factors are not the only reason for the high prevalence of cesarean delivery in Iran and that other factors are in fact responsible for this level of performance.
Thomas Theodore Samaras
Abstract
Background: For over 100 years, the medical community has assumed that promoting higher birth weight, faster growth, early maturation and taller height assures better health and longevity. In 2005, this assumption was challenged and a hypothesis was proposed that the obesity epidemic is driven by higher ...
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Background: For over 100 years, the medical community has assumed that promoting higher birth weight, faster growth, early maturation and taller height assures better health and longevity. In 2005, this assumption was challenged and a hypothesis was proposed that the obesity epidemic is driven by higher birth weight, rapid growth rate, early sexual maturity and excessive height. Over the last 10 years, much research has evolved that supports this alternative hypothesis.
Objectives: To provide additional evidence to support the hypothesis that the obesity epidemic and various health problems are due to increasing birth weight, rapid growth, early sexual maturation and excessive height growth.
Materials and Methods: A collection of over 5000 papers, reports and books provided a variety of findings for this report. Publications dealing with the issues discussed in the original 2005 paper were obtained from this collection of documents. Additional material was obtained from internet sources, such as on-line journals and reports.
Results: Scores of research and review papers provide substantial support for an alternative hypothesis on obesity and human health. The research supports the dangers of the modern diet that promotes greater birth weight and accelerated childhood growth. Evidence is also presented that early sexual maturity and bigger body size promote health problems and reduce longevity. In addition, data based on millions of deaths, indicates that taller height is related to reduced longevity under similar nutrition and lifestyle conditions.
Conclusions: It is recommended that traditional assumptions be re-evaluated on the risks related to higher birth weight, rapid growth, early maturity and increased height and weight.
Sara Mirzaeean; Seyede Azam Pourhoseini; Reza Jafarzadeh Esfahani; Zahra Rastin
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a physiological condition of pregnancy. However, in some patients, it could be harmful due to possible complications such as pancreatitis. Treating this clinical condition during pregnancy is controversial as many drugs are not allowed in different trimesters. ...
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Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a physiological condition of pregnancy. However, in some patients, it could be harmful due to possible complications such as pancreatitis. Treating this clinical condition during pregnancy is controversial as many drugs are not allowed in different trimesters. The current report discussed 2 cases of HTG and their outcomes during pregnancy.
Case Presentation: The 1st patient had twin pregnancy and a “milky” blood sample raised suspicion on abnormal lipid profile (LP) during the pregnancy screening tests. There was a positive history of HTG and the available laboratory results showed triglyceride (TG) 3920 mg/dL, cholesterol (Chol) 1370 mg/dL, and normal amylase and lipase serum levels. The patient received daily LP and blood glucose monitoring as well as insulin, gemfibrozil, and fish oil prescription. In the 30th week of gestation, one of the fetuses was lost and a cesarean section, because of preterm uterine contractures, was performed. Mother and baby were discharged in good conditions. The 2nd patient presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in the 22nd week of gestation. The patient had gestational diabetes without the history of HTG. Laboratory results were as follows: TG 878 mg/dL, Chol 249 mg/dL, amylase 251 U/L, and lipase 29 U/L. The patient was treated as pancreatitis induced by HTG. Therefore, gemfibrozil and fish oil were prescribed in addition to hydration and low fat diet. A healthy term baby was the result of pregnancy.
Conclusions: Establishing prompt medical treatment and controlling comorbid conditions are essential in gestational HTG. Although there are controversial reports about using medications such as fibrates and fish oil, gemfibrozil and fish oil were recommended as an effective treatment for the patients with gestational HTG.
Ensieh Shahrjooye Haghighi; Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
Abstract
Background : Different body composition indices may indicate various physiological statuses. Objectives : The current study aimed at investigating the correlation between body composition indices (body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and abdominal fat) as well as physical and psychological ...
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Background : Different body composition indices may indicate various physiological statuses. Objectives : The current study aimed at investigating the correlation between body composition indices (body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and abdominal fat) as well as physical and psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods : The current cross sectional study was conducted on 60 voluntary female students of Shiraz University (age: 18 - 25 years) in December 2016. Inclusion criteria were regular menstrual cycles, being single, no pregnancy, and no history of thyroid disease, polycystic ovaries, cancer, diabetes, and diagnosed psychiatric complications. Subjects completed Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. Weight and height of subjects were recorded to calculate BMI, BFP and abdominal fat were calculated using the body composition analyzer. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results : The results of the current study revealed significant and positive correlation between BMI and physical symptoms of PMS (P = 0.045), BMI and psychological symptoms (P = 0.024), BFP and physical symptoms (P = 0.019), BFP and psychological symptoms (P = 0.023), abdominal fat and physical symptoms (P = 0.017), and abdominal fat and psychological symptoms of PMS (P = 0.049). Conclusions : The higher level of body composition indices were related to higher PMS symptoms and abdominal fat was the most important predictor for PMS symptoms.
Safieh Mohammadi; Fariba Hafezi; Parvin Ehteshamzadeh; Zahra Eftekhar Saadi; Saeed Bakhtiarpour
Abstract
Background: Marital conflicts bring about issues in marital relationships and increase the divorce rate. Sexual skill training can prevent some of the marital conflicts and sexual problems in women. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of schema therapy on sexual self-esteem in the women ...
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Background: Marital conflicts bring about issues in marital relationships and increase the divorce rate. Sexual skill training can prevent some of the marital conflicts and sexual problems in women. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of schema therapy on sexual self-esteem in the women involved in marital conflicts in Ahvaz. Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental. The study population comprised all women with marital conflicts who referred to the psychological centers of Ahvaz in 2019; using convenience sampling, we selected 30 women willing to participate in the project and randomly divided them into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The research instrument included Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) and Sexual Self-Esteem Index for Woman-Short Form (SSEI-W-SF). The experimental group underwent eight sessions (90-minute sessions per week) of schema therapy. The follow-up was performed after 30 days. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Results: In terms of sexual self-esteem, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the pre-test stage. Schema therapy effectively increased sexual self-esteem in women involved in marital conflicts in the experimental group (p <0.001). The mean pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group were 106.26±8.05 and 128.76±6.77, respectively, which increased compared to the pre-test (107.13±6.71) and post-test (108.46±8.97) of the control group. Conclusions: Schema therapy can be employed to improve self-esteem in women involved in marital conflicts. In this way, the conflicts among couples and other family members can be reduced.
Sahar Hosseini; Reza Moshfeghinia; Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani; Hafez Shojaadini; Najmeh Maharlouei; Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
Abstract
The widespread lockdown and stay-at-home calls around the world in order to halt the spread of COVID-19 have reduced social interactions, availability of social and healthcare services, as well as financial and workforce resources (1, 2). Moreover, it has led to allocating a greater proportion of healthcare ...
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The widespread lockdown and stay-at-home calls around the world in order to halt the spread of COVID-19 have reduced social interactions, availability of social and healthcare services, as well as financial and workforce resources (1, 2). Moreover, it has led to allocating a greater proportion of healthcare resources to COVID-19 care, which impairs the services for other vulnerable groups of the society, specifically women. In addition to certain factors, including physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual aspects, which affect the individuals’ health status, regarding women’s health, two additional factors are considered, namely familial and social factors, although they overlap in certain aspects.
Najmeh Maharlouei; Hengameh Kasraei; Fatemeh Shaygani; Amir Reza Bahadori; Sharareh Khonyagar; Zahra Reyhani; Seyyed Shahrokh Mousavi; Maryam Kazemi; Kamran B. Lankarani
Abstract
Mental health is one of the most important of health components.Mental and behavioral diseases are major disease burdens. Women make up half of the world's population and raise the other half. While women are an integral part of societies, their diverse roles put them at a higher risk of psychological ...
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Mental health is one of the most important of health components.Mental and behavioral diseases are major disease burdens. Women make up half of the world's population and raise the other half. While women are an integral part of societies, their diverse roles put them at a higher risk of psychological issues The 8th conference on women's health was the collaboration of Health Policy Research Center, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical sciences, and Health Promotion and Women’s Health workgroup affiliated with the Academy of Medical Sciences. It is believed that we must move towards promoting and broadening women's health issues beyond the sole reproductive and sexual rights. Through a coordinated action, which has involved all concerned stakeholders including governmental health, social, and economic sectors, local authorities and stakeholders, industries, NGOs, volunteers, and the media aiming to enhance women’s mental health, the conference had three priorities: 1) family cohesion and lifestyle, 2) vulnerable women, and 3) resilience.
Shalaleh Aghaei; Roghaye Mohammadirad; Azita Fathnezhad-Kazemi
Abstract
Introduction: There is scarce information about the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnant women. The present study aimed to evaluate pregnancy’s clinical characteristics and outcomes in women with COVID-19 and their babies.Case Presentation: We conducted a case series study, from April ...
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Introduction: There is scarce information about the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnant women. The present study aimed to evaluate pregnancy’s clinical characteristics and outcomes in women with COVID-19 and their babies.Case Presentation: We conducted a case series study, from April 15 to May 30, 2021, including 24 cases with COVID-19 infection and their babies with a 30-day follow-up after delivery. The patients’ mean (SD) age of was 31.50 (5.69) years, and all the deliveries were in the third trimester. Fever and myalgia were the most prevalent clinical symptoms in women. Positive RTPCR test results [in 20 pateints (83.33%)], and CT scan findings [in four patients (16.67%)] confirmed the diagnosis. Moreover, 66.66% of pregnant women with COVID-19 underwent Cesarean section. Performing a Cesarean section was mostly due to obstetric indications or the mother’s request. None of the babies were positive PCR. Out of eight preterm infants, seven were admitted to the intensive care unit (NICU) for reasons other than COVID-19.Conclusion: The most common obstetric outcomes were high rates of premature delivery and Cesarean section. Additionally, the most prevalent neonatal consequences were prematurity and low birth weight. There was; however, no evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission.
Antonio Mastroianni; Sonia Greco; Luciana Chidichimo; Maria Vittoria Mauro; Francesca Greco; Filippo Urso; Valeria Vangeli
Abstract
Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has so far been characterized by significant morbidity and a high mortality rate worldwide. People who are frail due to age and / or the presence of comorbidities, including pregnant women, are exposed to a greater risk of developing a very serious disease. However, ...
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Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has so far been characterized by significant morbidity and a high mortality rate worldwide. People who are frail due to age and / or the presence of comorbidities, including pregnant women, are exposed to a greater risk of developing a very serious disease. However, only recently, certain experimental studies have focused on the role of anti- Covid-19 drugs during pregnancy. Convalescent plasma (CP), derived from the people who recover from Covid-19, can represent an interesting therapeutic option for improving the antiviral immune response, owing to its specific neutralizing content and different immune mediators against SarsCov-2. It can also improve the survival of the patients who are diagnosed with the disease early and treated in the primary stages of the disease.Case Presentation: We reported the case of a pregnant patient safely treated with CP at our hospital and conducted a comprehensive literature search using extensive database for similar case reports published from February 12, 2020 to May 31, 2021.Conclusions: An extensive literature search documented the publication of a limited number of case reports concerning Covid-19 hyperimmune plasma treatment (CPT) during pregnancy. The available results are not homogeneous; however, a very early use of CPT may possibly be effective in pregnancy. The evolution of Covid-19-related pneumonia, due to a reduction in both viremia and the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, can be positively influenced by CPT, together with the standards of care treatment.
Leili Hafizi; Seyedeh Azam Pourhosaini; Seyedeh Sepideh Hosseini
Abstract
Introduction:Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome (HWWs) is a rare variant of Mullerian duct anomalies. It is associated with a wide range of gynecological and obstetric complications, such as urinary incontinence, urinary retention, endometriosis, pelvic infection, pelvic pain and infertility. Case presentation: ...
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Introduction:Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome (HWWs) is a rare variant of Mullerian duct anomalies. It is associated with a wide range of gynecological and obstetric complications, such as urinary incontinence, urinary retention, endometriosis, pelvic infection, pelvic pain and infertility. Case presentation: We conducted the present study to investigate and manage HWWs with pelvic pain. The surgery was performed on the operative room of Imam Reza Hospital in April 2018. Conclusion: The reported case is related to Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome, a rare congenital Mullerian duct anomaly, which it is not included in the current classification system of the Mullerian abnormalities of the American Fertility Association and is based on the typical pattern of caudal evolution towards cranial.
Victor Tetty Otieno; Byonanuwe Simon
Abstract
Introduction: Acutenon-puerperal inversion of the uterus is very rare and without a high index of suspicion, severe complications are possible.Case Presentation: This study reports the case of a woman with an asymptomatic fibroid who presented in shock with a vaginal mass and bleeding. The mass was a ...
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Introduction: Acutenon-puerperal inversion of the uterus is very rare and without a high index of suspicion, severe complications are possible.Case Presentation: This study reports the case of a woman with an asymptomatic fibroid who presented in shock with a vaginal mass and bleeding. The mass was a uterine leiomyoma complicated with uterine inversion. She recovered well from an emergency total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy.Conclusion: A high index of suspicion and immediate intervention are key points for all women presenting with a vaginal mass and vaginal bleeding.
Marjaneh Farazestanian; Maliheh Hassanzadeh; Zohreh Yousefi; Fatemeh Homaee; Nafiseh Saghafi; Amir Hossein Jafarian; Parvaneh Layegh; Mansoureh Mottaghi; Laya Shirinzadeh; Leila Mousavi Seresht; Helena Azimi
Abstract
Introduction: Choriocarcinoma is a rare and malignant tumor, which may present during or following any type of pregnancy. This tumor often demonstrates rapid hematogenous spread to multiple organs and is associated with high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and a good response to chemotherapy. ...
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Introduction: Choriocarcinoma is a rare and malignant tumor, which may present during or following any type of pregnancy. This tumor often demonstrates rapid hematogenous spread to multiple organs and is associated with high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and a good response to chemotherapy. Herein, we introduced a case of metastatic choriocarcinoma who failed to response to conventional therapies. Case presentation: A 22-year-old woman referred with vaginal bleeding. The evaluations revealed that she had a metastatic choriocarcinoma that failed to response to conventional therapies. Continuation of chemotherapy was not possible due to the development of neutropenia. Interestingly, the patient achieved a complete remission spontaneously without receiving further treatment. During the follow-up period, when the patient should not become pregnant, she became pregnant and had no problems during the pregnancy. Conclusions: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is a rare disease. The majority of women suffering from this disease can be cured and their reproductive function could be preserved through the utilization of sensitive quantitation assay for human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and highly effective chemotherapy.
Golnaz Mahmoudvand; Hamze Ali Torang; Arian Karimi Rouzbahani
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that involves multiple organs. Pregnant women previously diagnosed with SLE are at risk of experiencing gestational complications. However, cases of initial SLE manifestation during pregnancy are rare.Case Presentation: ...
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Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that involves multiple organs. Pregnant women previously diagnosed with SLE are at risk of experiencing gestational complications. However, cases of initial SLE manifestation during pregnancy are rare.Case Presentation: A 45-year-old pregnant woman (G7P2Ab4) was admitted to Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad, Iran, in the 29th week of gestation due to thrombocytopenia. The patient had received a diagnosis of SLE during a routine prenatal visit but had not responded to the prescribed medications. After a comprehensive clinical and paraclinical evaluation, the patient was treated with pulse intravenous methylprednisolone, followed by prednisolone, dramatically improving her clinical condition.Conclusion: Diagnosing and managing SLE during pregnancy can be controversial. An accurate evaluation of the patient’s clinical condition is essential for determining the most effective treatment strategy. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to ensure the best possible outcomes for the mother and the fetus.
Shahin Tabarzan; Farzaneh Hooman; Saeed Bakhtiarpour
Abstract
Background: Cyberspace has attracted sizeable audience thanks to its broad range of topics, diverse content, and audio and visual attractions. However, Internet addiction is believed to be a salient phenomenon as the consequence of improper use of cyberspace, which leads to mental and personality-related ...
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Background: Cyberspace has attracted sizeable audience thanks to its broad range of topics, diverse content, and audio and visual attractions. However, Internet addiction is believed to be a salient phenomenon as the consequence of improper use of cyberspace, which leads to mental and personality-related disorders. The present research aimed to investigate the mediating role of sexual satisfaction in the correlation among the quality of married life, Internet addiction, and mindfulness in patients with breast cancer.Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population herein comprised all the women with breast cancer in Tehran, Iran in 2022, out of whom a sample of 250 was conveniently selected. The research tools included the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Internet Addiction Test, the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills, and the Index of Sexual Satisfaction. The research model was evaluated with structural equation modeling in AMOS-25 and SPSS version 27.Results: Based on the obtained results, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of quality of married life, Internet addiction, mindfulness, and sexual satisfaction were 47.90±6.71, 59.18±8.88, 53.09±8.73, and 66.25±7.14, respectively. The results revealed the significance of all the direct paths (P<0.001), except for the path of mindfulness to the quality of married life. The indirect paths from Internet addiction to the quality of married life mediated by sexual satisfaction (P=0.010), and the association between mindfulness and the quality of married life mediated by sexual satisfaction (P=0.015) were also significant. Furthermore, the final model was found to have good fit (RMSEA=0.027).Conclusions: The research model herein had a desirable fit. It is an appropriate model, according to which different programs can be developed and designed in order to improve the quality of married life of patients with breast cancer.
Mohammadreza Sheikhy-Chaman; Zahra Abdoli; Aziz Rezapour
Abstract
Health is considered as one of the fundamental values and requirements of human development, emphasized in divine religions and international documents. Therefore, all governments are obliged to mobilize all their resources to meet the health needs and provide quality and affordable health care at all ...
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Health is considered as one of the fundamental values and requirements of human development, emphasized in divine religions and international documents. Therefore, all governments are obliged to mobilize all their resources to meet the health needs and provide quality and affordable health care at all levels of public health, medical, and rehabilitation services for each member of the society. This responsibility has been devoted to the health system (1). In addition, the health systems have tried to properly do their responsibilities to ensure the health of communities, move towards universal health coverage (UHC), and achieve the sustainable development goals (SDG) by establishing various mechanisms (2). One of the essential factors that should be considered by policy-makers, planners, and economists of the health system in this regard is health equity.
Abdibasid Shariff Ali; Yakub Mohamud; Yakub I. Kune; Byonanuwe Simon
Abstract
Introduction: Uterine didelphys is an exceptionally rare Müllerian duct anomaly that, when incidentally discovered, can be profoundly disconcerting for attending clinicians, patients, and their families. In this case report, we described an instance of undiagnosed uterine didelphys in a pregnant ...
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Introduction: Uterine didelphys is an exceptionally rare Müllerian duct anomaly that, when incidentally discovered, can be profoundly disconcerting for attending clinicians, patients, and their families. In this case report, we described an instance of undiagnosed uterine didelphys in a pregnant woman who was admitted at 39 weeks and 4 days of amenorrhea for her third delivery, wherein the condition was coincidentally identified during an elective cesarean section, resulting in a favorable fetal outcome.Case Presentation: We presented the case of a 32-year-old gravida 4 para 3+0 patient who was admitted at 39 weeks and 4 days of amenorrhea and had a history of three prior cesarean deliveries. She underwent an elective cesarean section. A second nongravid uterus with an ipsilateral fallopian tube and ovary was incidentally observed intraoperatively. Furthermore, a contralateral fallopian tube without an ovary was noted within the same uterus. Subsequent exploration revealed that each uterus had one fallopian tube and ovary, and both uteri shared a single cervix.Conclusion: Vigilant preoperative assessment of all women scheduled for surgery is imperative to prevent such disconcerting, avoidable occurrences.
Shahin Aghaei; Hoda Ghoreishi
Negin Khoshvaght; Farah Naderi; Sahar Safarzadeh; Marjan Alizadeh
Abstract
Background: Raising a child diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) is a major challenge for parents and may greatly change the family’s lifestyle. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of metacognitive therapy (MCT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on anxiety in the mothers of children ...
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Background: Raising a child diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) is a major challenge for parents and may greatly change the family’s lifestyle. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of metacognitive therapy (MCT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on anxiety in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy.Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design and a control group. Selected by convenience sampling, the sample consisted of 45 mothers of children with cerebral palsy who referred to Bahar Rehabilitation Center, Shiraz, Iran, in 2020. We randomly divided the participants into two experimental groups (metacognitive therapy and compassion-focused therapy) and a control group (n=15 per group). The research instrument included the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The first experimental group underwent 12 sessions (60-minute sessions per week) of metacognitive therapy and the second experimental group underwent eight sessions of compassion-focused therapy (60-minute sessions per week).Results: The mean±SD of the anxiety for metacognitive therapy, compassion-focused therapy, and control groups in the posttest stage were 24.30±6.21, 25.10±2.44, and 42.70±4.46, respectively. Based on the results, both metacognitive therapy (MTC) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) were effective in reducing anxiety in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) (P=0.0001); also, there was no significant difference between the effects of MCT and CFT on anxiety in this group of mothers.Conclusion: Metacognitive therapy and compassion-focused therapy can be employed to reduce anxiety in mothers of children with cerebral palsy.
Fatemeh Abak; Maryam Rabiee; Zahra Jouhari
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is capable of infecting individuals engaging in sexual activity at some points in their lives. As general vaccination of children and adolescents is not a standard practice in Iran, this study aimed to assess the awareness of Iranian female college students regarding ...
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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is capable of infecting individuals engaging in sexual activity at some points in their lives. As general vaccination of children and adolescents is not a standard practice in Iran, this study aimed to assess the awareness of Iranian female college students regarding HPV and its associated vaccinations.Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted in 2020 on a cohort of 350 female college students from Shahed University, Iran. Participants were selected through a convenience sampling technique, with the determined sample size based on the enrollment in each faculty. An electronic questionnaire was prepared and administered virtually to the participating students.Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 21.63±1.93 years. Remarkably, 90% of the students were familiar with genital warts, while only 41% were knowledgeable about the available vaccine. Additionally, a third of the participants were unaware of the sexual transmission of HPV, and half were uninformed about the association between various cancers and genital warts. The average score for overall knowledge was 6.19±3.54. Notably, a significant correlation was observed among age, academic years of study, faculty affiliation, and knowledge about HPV and its vaccine (P<0.001). Interestingly, academic education emerged as the primary source of information after public media and the Internet.Conclusion: The level of knowledge concerning HPV and its associated vaccine among the study participants was predominantly moderate. Considering the pivotal link between cervical cancer and HPV, the significance of providing adequate information and education on preventive measures cannot be overstated.
Roya Zare; Zahra Karimian; Nahid Zarifsanaiey
Abstract
Background: Breast Neoplasms is believed to be one of the most prevalent types of cancer in women. In the early stages, the disease could be diagnosed and controlled by breast self-examination (BSE). However, attitude barriers stop women to BSE on a number of occasions. We conducted the present study ...
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Background: Breast Neoplasms is believed to be one of the most prevalent types of cancer in women. In the early stages, the disease could be diagnosed and controlled by breast self-examination (BSE). However, attitude barriers stop women to BSE on a number of occasions. We conducted the present study to investigate the attitude barriers of breast self-examination from the perspective of women who referred to health centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Methods: The current research was conducted as a cross sectional method from August to September 2019 on women aged 20- 60 years referring to health centers affiliated to SUMS. The participants were selected with simple Random sampling and 101 complete questionnaires were returned. The data collection tool was the researcher-made questionnaire comprising 5 components (12 items) in Likert scales. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS22 software using One sample T-test, Independednt T-test, and Pearson correlation. Results: Except for the component of mental beliefs (P=0.92), all the other components were significantly lower than expected (p <0.001). The mean scores were for embarrassment (2.85±0.48), previous knowledge (2.93±0.69), negligence (3.03±0.49), and fear of breast mass (3.05±0.43). Attitudinal barriers decreased with the increase in education (P=0.01). Moreover, regarding the evaluation of the correlation between the components, the highest correlation was between previous knowledge effect and negligence (r=0.66), embarrassment (r=0.52), fear of breath mass (0.50). Additionally, the correlation between negligence and fear of breast madd was found to be 0.52. Conclusion: Since certain factors, such as incorrect previous knowledge, examination-associated embarrassment, fear, and forgetfulness are barriers to BSE, designing educational programs at different ages and educational levels seems to be essential, for adolescents in particular. To eliminate previous misconceptions and attitudes, creating good culture through public media and social networks could be effective.
Shaghayegh Hashemi Motlagh; Zahra Alam; Amir Dana; Sima Mokari Saei
Abstract
Background: While the beneficial effects of PA on the mental and physical well-being of elderly individuals are recognized, there has been little focus on its effects on older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to examine the correlations between ...
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Background: While the beneficial effects of PA on the mental and physical well-being of elderly individuals are recognized, there has been little focus on its effects on older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to examine the correlations between physical activity (PA) and depression, perceived health, physical function, and quality of life (QoL) among older women with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).Methods: This study employed a descriptive-correlation design. The statistical population comprised women with MCI (scoring 21 to 24 on the Mini–Mental State Examination) over 65 years residing in nursing homes in Tehran, Iran in 2023. The sample of this study consisted of 334 women (mean age=69.12±3.68) with MCI who were selected using a purposive sampling method. Standard tools were utilized for measuring PA, depression, balance, muscle strength, and QoL, respectively. Perceived health status was assessed using one item. Pearson correlation test and independent t-test were employed for data analysis.Results: The results showed that 66% of the entire sample suffered from depression. The participants engaged, on average, in 14.69 minutes of moderate physical activity (MPA) per day. Only 22% of the participants met the WHO’s guidelines of 30 minutes of MPA daily. It was found that higher MPA was significantly correlated with lower depression (P<0.001) and higher perceived health, physical function (both balance and muscle strength), and QoL (all P<0.001). On the other hand, higher sedentary time was significantly correlated with higher depression (P<0.001) and lower perceived health, physical function (both balance and muscle strength), and QoL (all P<0.001).Conclusions: The results suggested that strategies to improve health-oriented PA status in the elderly with MCI are necessary. In this regard, it is especially recommended that nurses plan recreational physical and sports activities for the elderly in groups or individually so that they can enjoy the benefits of PA.
Sunday Joseph Ayamolowo; Love Bukola Ayamolowo; Esther Kikelomo Afolabi
Abstract
Background: Sexual relationship between young women and older men is a major contributor to women’s risk of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and behavioural intentions for intergenerational sexual relationships (IGS) among young ...
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Background: Sexual relationship between young women and older men is a major contributor to women’s risk of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and behavioural intentions for intergenerational sexual relationships (IGS) among young female students in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted study between July and August 2018 using a descriptive cross-sectional design. Using convenience sampling method, we selected 160 young female students enrolled in a Joint Universities Pre-Degree Educational Programme in a Nigeria university. For data collection, we employed a self-report questionnaire. Data were analysed by use of a Chi-square test. Alpha was set at 5%. Results: The study revealed that 60% of the respondents had a moderate level of knowledge regarding IGS. More than half (56.3%) of the respondents had indifferent attitudes towards IGS. About two-thirds (62.5%) of the respondents had a moderate level of behavioural intentions. The main motive of young girls for IGS was to get money and gifts (83.8%). There was a significant association between monthly stipend (P≤0.0001), level of knowledge (P≤0.0001), attitude (P≤0.0001), and overall behavioural intentions to practice IGS among the students. Conclusion: The study concluded that female students had a moderate level of behavioural intentions to practice intergenerational sexual relationships. There is a need for appropriate health interventions that will address both present and future engagement in intergenerational sexual relationships among young women and prevent negative health outcomes from unsafe sex among this age group.
Hamid Mohyadini; Saeed Bakhtiar Pour; Reza Pasha; Parvin Ehteshmzadeh
Abstract
Background: The latest recommended psychological choice for the treatment of OCD is a therapeutic intervention. The metaanalytic study has found that the strongest degree of scientific evidence for CBT is the effect of OCD psychiatric therapies. We conducted the present study to examine the efficacy ...
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Background: The latest recommended psychological choice for the treatment of OCD is a therapeutic intervention. The metaanalytic study has found that the strongest degree of scientific evidence for CBT is the effect of OCD psychiatric therapies. We conducted the present study to examine the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients with enhanced obsessivecompulsive disorder.Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental with a manipulate group, pre-test, and post-test. 32 women were referred to counseling offerings and psychological services in Bandar Abbas province from November 2019 to April 2020, who were purposefully chosen from the 80 individuals narrowed down according to the inclusion criteria. Afterwards, they were randomly (by envelopes) assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=16) was treated with cognitivebehavioral therapy for 12 weekly 90-minute sessions while the control team (n=16) obtained no treatment. At the beginning of the study, after 10 weeks, all the participants were tested with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire. In addition to descriptive statistics, standard deviation, and the mean and inferential statistics, we employed one-way analysis of covariance and LSD. For the statistics analysis SPSS software program model 18 was used.Results: In the current study, the mean and standard deviation of the ages were 26.78±2.80 in the experimental team and 28.50±3.56 in the control group, respectively. We discovered a significant effect in the experimental group’s obsessive-compulsive signs following the cognitive-behavioral therapy (P=0.005). In addition, the suggested ratings for the participants in the experimental team were significantly lower than those in the control group (p <0.001).Conclusion: According to the findings, it could be inferred that cognitive-behavioral therapy could significantly reduce OCD symptoms. It is recommended that the therapists, particularly in Iranian clinicians, apply this method.
Abbas Saremi; Rahmatollah Moradzadeh
Abstract
Background: Inadequate lifestyle choices, such as insufficient physical activity, may be linked to adverse fertility outcomes. Given the profound influence of lifestyle on women’s reproductive health, this study was undertaken to compare the levels of physical activity and body composition among ...
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Background: Inadequate lifestyle choices, such as insufficient physical activity, may be linked to adverse fertility outcomes. Given the profound influence of lifestyle on women’s reproductive health, this study was undertaken to compare the levels of physical activity and body composition among fertile and infertile Iranian women in 2022.Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed 653 fertile women (mean age: 32.58±5.99 years, mean body mass index (BMI): 25.7±3.64 kg/m²) and infertile women (mean age: 32.59±5.38 years, mean BMI: 26.4±5.6 kg/m²) who sought assistance at infertility centers in six provinces (Guilan, Markazi, Hamedan, Sistan, and Baluchestan, Isfahan, and Khuzestan) during the research period spanning 2021 to 2022. Participants completed questionnaires regarding their lifestyle habits and physical activity levels, body composition was also assessed. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests were employed for data analysis.Results: Fertile women exhibited superior physical activity (P=0.04) and a lower BMI (P=0.001) than their infertile counterparts. Women with a high level of physical activity (OR=4.42, P=0.004) were more likely to experience infertility. Inactive women who spent more than 300 minutes per day sitting were 2.07 times more susceptible to fertility complications than their physically active peers (moderate activity) (OR=2.07, P=0.001).Conclusion: Given the simultaneous increase in obesity, inactivity, and infertility among Iranian women, it is imperative to place greater emphasis on lifestyle habits, including appropriate physical activity, to prevent and potentially treat infertility.
